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a,thay n=1 vào thì sẽ bằng 24 ko chia hết cho 10 nên đề sai
b, \(5^n\left(5^2+5^1+1\right)=5^n.31\)
\(\left(3^{n+2}-2^{n+2}+3^n-2^n\right)\)
\(=3^n.3^2-2^n.2^2+3^n-2^n\)
\(=\left(3^n.9+3^n\right)-\left(2^n.4+2^n\right)\)
\(=3^n\left(9+1\right)-2^n\left(4+1\right)\)
\(=3^n\left(9+1\right)-2^{n-1}.2\left(4+1\right)\)
\(=3^n.10-2^{n-1}.10\)
\(=10\left(3^n-2^{n-1}\right)⋮10\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
\(B=\left(3^{n+3}-2^{n+3}+3^{n+1}-2^{n+1}\right)\)
\(=3^{n+1}\left(3^2+1\right)-2^{n+1}\left(2^2+1\right)\)
\(=3^{n+1}.10-2^{n+1}.5\)
\(=3^{n+1}.10+2^n.2.5\)
\(=3^{n+1}.10+2^n.10\)
\(=10\left(3^{n+1}+2^n\right)\)\(⋮\)\(10\)\(\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(Â=3^{n+3}+3^{n+1}+2^{n+3}+2^{n+1}\)
\(=3^n\left(3^3+3\right)+2^{n+1}\left(2^2+1\right)\)
\(=3^n.30+2^{n+1}.\left(2^2+2\right).\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=3^n.30+2^{n+1}.6.\frac{1}{2}\)
Mà \(3^n.30⋮6;2^{n+1}.6.\frac{1}{2}⋮6\)
\(\Rightarrow3^n.30+2^{n+1}.6.\frac{1}{2}⋮6\)
\(\Rightarrow A⋮6\left(đpcm\right)\)
a)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\)
\(< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{n-1}< 1\)
=>\(0< \frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}< 1\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\) không phải là số nguyên
mà n -1 là số nguyên
=> \(S_n=\frac{1^2-1}{1}+\frac{2^2-1}{2^2}+\frac{3^2-1}{3^2}+...+\frac{n^2-1}{n^2}\)
\(=n-1-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\)không là số nguyên
Ta cóA= 3n+3+2n+3+3n+1+2n+2=3n.27+2n.8+3n.3+2n.4=3n.(27+3)+2n.(8+4)=3n.30+2n.12
Vì 30 chia hết cho 6 ,12 chia hết cho 6 suy ra 3n.30 chia hết cho 6,2n.12 chia hết cho 6
suy ra 3n.30+2n.12 chia hết cho 6
suy ra A chia hết cho 6
Đầu tiên, Tính S1=1+2+3+...+n=\(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)
*/ Tính S2=12+22+32+...+n2
Đặt: S2'=1.2+2.3+3.4+...+n(n+1)
=>3S2'=1.2.3+2.3.3+3.4.3+...+n(n+1).3=1.2.3+2.3.(4-1)+3.4.(5-2)+...+n(n+1)[(n+2)−(n−1)]
Nhân ra và rút gọn ta được: 3S2′=n(n+1)(n+2) => S2'=\(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{3}\)
Ta lại có: S2′=1.2+2.3+3.4+...+n(n+1)=(12+22+32+...+n2)+(1+2+3+...+n)=S2+S1=S2+\(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)
=> S2=S2'-\(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)=\(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{3}\) -\(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)=\(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\)
S3=
b,\(D=2.\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{35}+...+\frac{1}{n.\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow D=\frac{2}{3}+\frac{2}{15}+\frac{2}{35}+...+\frac{2}{n.\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow D=\frac{2}{1.3}+\frac{2}{3.5}+\frac{2}{5.7}+...+\frac{2}{n.\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow D=1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow D=1-\frac{1}{n+2}=\frac{n}{n+2}< \frac{n+2}{n+2}=1\left(1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow D=\frac{n}{n+2}>0\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1);(2)\(\Rightarrow0< D< 1\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
a,\(C>0\)
\(C=\frac{1}{11}+\frac{1}{12}+...+\frac{1}{19}< 9;\frac{1}{11}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow0< A< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A\notinℤ\)
c,\(E=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{2}{7}+\frac{2}{9}+\frac{2}{11}\)
Ta quy đồng 3 số đầu
\(=\frac{2}{6}+\frac{2}{8}+\frac{2}{10}+\frac{2}{7}+\frac{2}{9}+\frac{2}{11}>\frac{6.2}{12}=1\)
\(E=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{2}{7}+\frac{2}{9}+\frac{2}{11}\)
\(=\frac{2}{6}+\frac{2}{8}+\frac{2}{10}+\frac{2}{7}+\frac{2}{9}+\frac{2}{11}< \frac{6.2}{6}=2\)
\(1< E< 2\)
\(E\notinℤ\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Áp dụng : \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 2\)
(ĐPCM)
Đặt
\(A_k=1+2+3+....+k=\frac{k\left(k+1\right)}{2}\)
\(A_{k-1}=1+2+3+....+\left(k-1\right)=\frac{k\left(k-1\right)}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(A_k^2-A_{k-1}^2=\frac{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2}{2}-\frac{\left(k-1\right)^2k^2}{2}=\frac{k^2}{2}\left(k^2+2k+1-k^2+2k-1\right)=k^3\)
Khi đó:
\(1^3=A_1^2\)
\(2^3=A_2^2-A_1^2\)
\(...........\)
\(n^3=A_n^2-A_{n-1}^2\)
Khi đó:
\(1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3=A_n^3=\left[\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1^3+2^3+......+n^3}=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)
=> ĐPCM
Cách khác:
Ta sẽ đi chứng minh \(1^3+2^3+3^3+....+n^3=\left[\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
Với n=1 thì mệnh đề trên đúng
Giả sử mệnh đề trên đúng với n=k ta sẽ chứng minh mệnh đề đúng với n=k+1
Ta có:
\(A_k=1^3+2^3+3^3+.....+k^3=\left[\frac{k\left(k+1\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
Ta cần chứng minh:
\(A_{k+1}=1^3+2^3+3^3+.....+\left(k+1\right)^3=\left[\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
Thật vậy !
\(A_{k+1}=1^3+2^3+3^3+.....+\left(k+1\right)^3\)
\(=\left[\frac{k\left(k+1\right)}{2}\right]^2+\left(k+1\right)^3\)
\(=\frac{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2}{4}+\left(k+1\right)^3\)
\(=\left(k+1\right)^2\left(\frac{k^2}{4}+k+1\right)\)
\(=\left[\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
Theo nguyên lý quy nạp ta có điều phải chứng minh.