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\(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\le a^2+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) ( Luôn đúng )
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
2a)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+a+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Mà \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2b)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\\1+b^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\1+c^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{b}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{c}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1)
Nháp : nhìn nhanh ta thấy nên áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Giải
Vì x,y > 0 =) 2x + y > 0 , x + 2y > 0
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy dạng phân thức cho hai bộ số không âm \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\)và\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+2y}+\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+2y+2x+y}=\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}=4\)
Dấu '' = "xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x + 2y = y + 2x (=) x=y
2.
Từ giả thiết, ta có :
\(\frac{1}{1+a}\ge1-\frac{1}{1+b}+1-\frac{1}{1+c}+1-\frac{1}{1+d}\)
\(=\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{d}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b.c.d}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
Tương tự, ta cũng có :
\(\frac{1}{1+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c.d.a}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)\left(1+a\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
Nhân vế theo vế 4 BĐT vừa chững minh rồi rút gọn ta được :
\(abcd\le\frac{1}{81}\left(đpcm\right)\)
2) Từ \(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}+\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3.\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}\ge\left(1-\frac{1}{1+b}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+c}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+d}\right)\)
\(=\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{d}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{bcd}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}.\)(BĐT AM-GM)
Tương tự :
\(\frac{1}{1+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{acd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}.\)
Từ đó suy ra:
\(\frac{1}{1+a}.\frac{1}{1+b}.\frac{1}{1+c}.\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3.3.3.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(abcd\right)^3}{\left[\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)\right]^3}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\ge\frac{81abcd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow81abcd\le1\Leftrightarrow abcd\le\frac{1}{81}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{3}.\)
3)Ta có: \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^8=\left[\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\right]^4=\left(a+b+2\sqrt{ab}\right)^4.\)(1)
Với \(a,b\ge0\),áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho (a+b) và (\(2\sqrt{ab}\)) ta được
\(\left(a+b\right)+2\sqrt{ab}\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)2\sqrt{ab}}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^8\ge\left(2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)2\sqrt{ab}}\right)^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^8\ge64ab\left(a+b\right)^2.\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(a+b=2\sqrt{ab}\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
1) Với \(x\le\frac{2}{3}\Rightarrow2-3x\ge0\)
Khi đó ,áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM cho 2 số ta được:
\(\left(2-3x\right)+\frac{9}{2-3x}\ge2\sqrt{\left(2-3x\right)\frac{9}{2-3x}}=2.3=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2+\left(2-3x\right)+\frac{9}{2-3x}\ge2+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4-3x+\frac{9}{2-3x}\ge8\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(2-3x=\frac{9}{2-3x}\Leftrightarrow\left(2-3x\right)^2=9\Leftrightarrow2-3x=3\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{3}\)( vì 2-3x>0)
Câu 1:
Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2^2}-ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\ge ab\) (1)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}-\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a^2-2b^2-a^2-2ab-b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-2ab-b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow ab\le\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
5 , a3+b3+c3\(\ge\) 3abc
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3+c3-3a2b-3ab2-3abc\(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b)3+c3-3ab(a+b+c) \(\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b+c)(a2+2ab+b2-ac-bc+c2)-3ab(a+b+c) \(\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca)\(\ge0\) (1)
ta co : a,b,c>0 \(\Rightarrow\)a+b+c>0 (2)
(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2\(\ge0\)
<=> 2a2+2b2+2c2-2ac-2cb-2ab\(\ge0\)
<=>a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ac\(\ge\) 0 (3)
Từ (1)(2)(3)=> pt luôn đúng
a.
\(2\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(a^3+b^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^4+2b^4\ge a^4+ab^3+a^3b+b^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4\ge ab^3+a^3b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4-a^3b+b^4-ab^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3\left(a-b\right)-b^3\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^3-b^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)(*)
Mà \(a^2+ab+b^2=\left(a^2+2\cdot a\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}b+\dfrac{b^2}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3b^2}{4}=\left(a+\dfrac{b}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3b^2}{4}\ge0\)
Suy ra (*) đúng => đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b
b.
\(3\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^4+3b^4+3c^4\ge a^4+ab^3+ac^3+a^3b+b^4+bc^3+a^3c+b^3c+c^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^4+2b^4+2c^4\ge ab^3+a^3b+b^3c+bc^3+ca^3+c^3a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^4+b^4\right)+\left(b^4+c^4\right)+\left(c^4+a^4\right)\ge\left(a^3b+ab^3\right)+\left(b^3c+bc^3\right)+\left(c^3a+ca^3\right)\)
Theo câu a. thì điều này đúng
Dấu "=" khi a=b=c
Lời giải:
Thực hiện biến đổi tương đương:
\(ab(a^2+b^2)\leq \frac{(a+b)^4}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 8ab(a^2+b^2)\leq (a+b)^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 8ab(a^2+b^2)\leq (a^2+b^2+2ab)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 8ab(a^2+b^2)\leq (a^2+b^2)^2+(2ab)^2+4ab(a^2+b^2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2+b^2)^2+(2ab)^2-4ab(a^2+b^2)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2+b^2-2ab)^2\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^4\geq 0\) (luôn đúng với mọi số thực $a,b$)
Do đó ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
Ta có : \(a^4+b^4\ge2a^2b^2\)
Cộng \(a^4+b^4\) vào 2 vế ta đc: \(a^4+b^4\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2\) (1)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
Cộng cả 2 vế với \(a^2+b^2\) ta đc: \(a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\)\(^{_{ }\Rightarrow}\)\(\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\left(a+b\right)^4\) (2)
Từ (1),(2)=> đpcm
Ta có thể xét hiệu : \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}-\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{4}-\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\)
Ta thấy : \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) nên \(\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
Hay là : \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}-\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
Vậy \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
=> ĐPCM.
Đề bài bị sai rồi bn, ví dụ với các cặp số 0,1; 1,2 có thỏa mãn đou?