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a, Với n = 1 ta có 3 ⋮ 3.
Giả sử n = k ≥ 1 , ta có : k3 + 2k ⋮ 3 ( GT qui nạp).
Ta đi chứng minh : n = k + 1 cũng đúng:
(k+1)^3 + 2(k+1) = k^3 + 3k^2 + 3k + 1 + 2k + 2
= (k^3+2k) + 3(k^2+k+1)
Ta có : + (k^3+2k) ⋮ 3 ( theo gt trên)
+ 3(k^2+k+1) hiển nhiên chia hết cho 3
Vậy mệnh đề luôn chia hết cho 3.
b, Với n = 1 ta có 12 ⋮ 6.
Giả sử n = k ≥ 1 , ta có: 13k -1 ⋮ 6
Ta đi chứng minh : n = k+1 cũng đúng:
=> 13k.13 - 1 = 13(13k - 1) + 12.
Có: - 13(13k - 1) ⋮ 6 ( theo gt)
- 12⋮6 ( hiển nhiên)
> Vậy mệnh đề luôn đúng.
Lời giải:
\(y=\cos ^4x+\sin ^4x=(\cos ^2x+\sin ^2x)^2-2\cos ^2x\sin ^2x\)
\(=1-2(\sin x\cos x)^2\leq 1\) do \((\sin x\cos x)^2\geq 0, \forall x\in\mathbb{R}\)
Do đó chọn đáp án B.
a/ \(lim\left(\sqrt[3]{n-n^3}+n+\sqrt{n^2+3n}-n\right)\)
\(=lim\left(\frac{n}{\sqrt[3]{\left(n-n^3\right)^2}-n\sqrt[3]{\left(n-n^3\right)}+n^2}+\frac{3n}{\sqrt{n^2+3n}+n}\right)\)
\(=lim\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{n^3+2n+\frac{1}{n}}+\sqrt[3]{n^3-n}+n}+\frac{3}{\sqrt{1+\frac{3}{n}}+1}\right)=0+\frac{3}{1+1}=\frac{3}{2}\)
b/ \(lim\left(\frac{-2\sqrt{n}-4}{\sqrt{n-2\sqrt{n}}+\sqrt{n+4}}\right)=lim\left(\frac{-2-\frac{4}{\sqrt{n}}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}}+\sqrt{1+\frac{4}{n}}}\right)=-\frac{2}{1+1}=-1\)
c/ \(lim\left(\frac{3n^2}{\sqrt[3]{n^6+6n^5+9n^4}+\sqrt[3]{n^6+3n^5}+n^2}\right)=lim\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{6}{n}+\frac{9}{n^2}}+\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{3}{n}}+1}\right)=\frac{3}{3}=1\)
d/ \(lim\left(\sqrt[3]{n^3+6n}-n+n-\sqrt{n^2-4n}\right)=lim\left(\frac{6n}{\sqrt[3]{n^6+12n^4+36n^2}+\sqrt[3]{n^6+6n^4}+n^2}+\frac{4n}{n+\sqrt{n^2-4n}}\right)\)
\(=lim\left(\frac{6}{\sqrt[3]{n^3+12n+\frac{36}{n}}+\sqrt[3]{n^3+6n}+n}+\frac{4}{1+\sqrt{1-\frac{4}{n}}}\right)=0+\frac{4}{1+1}=2\)
e/ \(lim\left(\frac{-3.3^n+4.4^n}{5.3^n+\frac{3}{2}.4^n}\right)=lim\left(\frac{-3\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^n+4}{5.\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^n+\frac{3}{2}}\right)=\frac{0+4}{0+\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{8}{3}\)
f/ \(lim\left(\frac{9^n-5.5^n+7.7^n}{9.3^n+5^n+2.8^n}\right)=lim\left(\frac{1-5.\left(\frac{5}{9}\right)^n+7\left(\frac{7}{9}\right)^n}{9.\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^n+\left(\frac{5}{9}\right)^n+2.\left(\frac{8}{9}\right)^n}\right)=\frac{1}{0}=+\infty\)
g/ \(lim\left(\frac{6.6^n+3^5.9^n}{3^3.9^n-\frac{1}{2}.4^n}\right)=lim\left(\frac{6\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^n+3^5}{3^3-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)^n}\right)=\frac{3^5}{3^3}=9\)
Phân tích nhân tử nhầm=>giải lại
\(A=2n^2-3n^2+n=n\left(2n^2-3n+1\right)=n\left(n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)\)\(A=n\left(n-1\right)\left(2n+2-3\right)=\left[2n\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)\right]-3\left(n\right)\left(n-1\right)=2B-3C\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}B⋮3\\C⋮2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2B⋮6\\3C⋮3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow A⋮6\) => dpcm
Lời giải:
\(A=n\left(2n^3-3n+1\right)=n\left(n-1\right)\left(2n^2+2n-1\right)\)
\(A=n\left(n-1\right)\left[2n\left(n+1\right)-1\right]=2n\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)+n\left(n-1\right)=B-C\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}B⋮2\\B⋮3\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow B⋮6\forall n\in N\)
\(C=n\left(n-1\right)\) không thể chia hết cho 6 với mọi n thuộc N
\(\Rightarrow A\) chỉ chia hết cho 6 với điều kiện \(n\ne3k+2\)
ví dụ đơn giải với k=0 => n= 2
\(A=2.2^3-3.2^2+2=14⋮̸6\)
Kết luận đề sai
1.
\(\lim \frac{3n^2+5n+4}{2-n^2}=\lim \frac{\frac{3n^2+5n+4}{n^2}}{\frac{2-n^2}{n^2}}=\lim \frac{3+\frac{5}{n}+\frac{4}{n^2}}{\frac{2}{n^2}-1}=\frac{3}{-1}=-3\)
2.
\(\lim \frac{2n^3-4n^2+3n+7}{n^3-7n+5}=\lim \frac{\frac{2n^3-4n^2+3n+7}{n^3}}{\frac{n^3-7n+5}{n^3}}=\lim \frac{2-\frac{4}{n}+\frac{3}{n^2}+\frac{7}{n^3}}{1-\frac{7}{n^2}+\frac{5}{n^3}}=\frac{2}{1}=2\)
3.
\(\lim (\frac{2n^3}{2n^2+3}+\frac{1-5n^2}{5n+1})=\lim (n-\frac{3n}{2n^2+3}+\frac{1}{5}-n-\frac{1}{5n+1})\)
\(=\frac{1}{5}-\lim (\frac{3n}{2n^2+3}+\frac{1}{5n+1})=\frac{1}{5}-\lim (\frac{3}{2n+\frac{3}{n}}+\frac{1}{5n+1})=\frac{1}{5}-0=\frac{1}{5}\)
4.
\(\lim \frac{1+3^n}{4+3^n}=\lim (1-\frac{3}{4+3^n})=1-\lim \frac{3}{4+3^n}=1-0=1\)
5.
\(\lim \frac{4.3^n+7^{n+1}}{2.5^n+7^n}=\lim \frac{\frac{4.3^n+7^{n+1}}{7^n}}{\frac{2.5^n+7^n}{7^n}}\)
\(=\lim \frac{4.(\frac{3}{7})^n+7}{2.(\frac{5}{7})^n+1}=\frac{7}{1}=7\)
a) lim \(\frac{\left(2n^2-3n+5\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{\left(4-3n\right)\left(2n^2+n+1\right)}\)
= lim \(\frac{\left(2-\frac{3}{n}+\frac{5}{n^2}\right)\left(2+\frac{1}{n}\right)}{\left(\frac{4}{n}-3\right)\left(2+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)}=\frac{4}{-6}=-\frac{2}{3}\)
b)lim ( \(\frac{\sqrt{n^4+1}}{n}-\frac{\sqrt{4n^6+2}}{n^2}\))
= lim ( \(\frac{n\sqrt{n^4+1}-\sqrt{4n^6+2}}{n^2}\) )
= lim \(\frac{\left(n^6+n^2\right)-\left(4n^6+2\right)}{n^2\left(n\sqrt{n^4+1}+\sqrt{4n^2+2}\right)}\)
= lim \(\frac{-3n^6+n^2+2}{n^3\sqrt{n^4+1}+n^2\sqrt{4n^2+2}}\)
= lim \(\frac{-3n\left(1-\frac{1}{n^4}-\frac{2}{n^6}\right)}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n^4}}+\frac{1}{n^2}\sqrt{4+\frac{2}{n^2}}}\)
= lim \(-3n=-\infty\)
c) lim \(\frac{2n+3}{\sqrt{9n^2+3}-\sqrt[3]{2n^2-8n^3}}\)
= lim\(\frac{2+\frac{3}{n}}{\sqrt{9+\frac{3}{n^2}}-\sqrt[3]{\frac{2}{n}-8}}=\frac{2}{3+2}=\frac{2}{5}\)
Lời giải:
$7.2^{2n-2}\equiv 2.2^{2n-2}\equiv 2^{2n-1}\pmod 5$
$\Rightarrow 7.2^{2n-2}+3^{2n-1}\equiv 2^{2n-1}+3^{2n-1}\pmod 5$
Mà $2^{2n-1}+3^{3n-1}\vdots (2+3=5)$ (do $2n-1$ lẻ)
$\Rightarrow 7.2^{2n-2}+3^{2n-1}\vdots 5$ (đpcm)