Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Nhiều quá làm 1 bài tiêu biểu thôi nhé:
a/ \(A=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca+a^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+b^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}=1\)
Vì vai trò bình đẳng của các ẩn \(a,b,c\) là như nhau nên không mất tính tổng quát, ta có thể giả sử:
\(2\ge c>b>a\ge0\) \(\left(\alpha\right)\) (do \(a,b,c\) đôi một khác nhau nên cũng không đồng thời bằng nhau)
Áp dụng bđt \(AM-GM\) cho từng bộ số gồm có các số không âm, ta có:
\(\left(i\right)\) Với \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}>0;\) \(\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]>0\)\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]+\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}.\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\ge3-2\left(b-a\right)\) \(\left(1\right)\)
\(\left(ii\right)\) Với \(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}>0;\) \(\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]>0\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]+\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}.\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}\ge3-2\left(c-b\right)\) \(\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(iii\right)\) Với \(\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}>0;\) \(\frac{c-a}{16}>0\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c-a}{8}+\frac{c-a}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}.\frac{\left(c-a\right)}{8}.\frac{\left(c-a\right)}{8}}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge\frac{3}{4}-\frac{c-a}{4}\) \(\left(3\right)\)
Cộng từng vế ba bất đẳng thức \(\left(1\right);\) \(\left(2\right)\) và \(\left(3\right)\) , ta được:
\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge3-2\left(b-a\right)+3-2\left(c-b\right)+\frac{3}{4}-\frac{c-a}{4}\)
nên \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge\frac{27}{4}-\frac{9\left(c-a\right)}{4}=\frac{27}{4}+\frac{9\left(a-c\right)}{4}\)
Mặt khác, từ \(\left(\alpha\right)\) ta suy ra được: \(\hept{\begin{cases}a\ge0\\2\ge c\end{cases}}\)
nên \(a+2\ge c\) hay nói cách khác \(a-c\ge-2\)
Do đó, \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge\frac{27}{4}+\frac{9.\left(-2\right)}{4}=\frac{9}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=0\\b=1\\c=2\end{cases}}\) (thỏa mãn \(\left(\alpha\right)\) )
Vì vai trò bình đẳng của các ẩn \(a,b,c\) là như nhau nên không mất tính tổng quát, ta có thể giả sử:
\(2\ge c>b>a\ge0\) \(\left(\alpha\right)\) (do \(a,b,c\) đôi một khác nhau nên cũng không đồng thời bằng nhau)
Áp dụng bđt \(AM-GM\) cho từng bộ số gồm có các số không âm, ta có:
\(\left(i\right)\) Với \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}>0;\) \(\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]>0\)\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]+\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}.\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\ge3-2\left(b-a\right)\) \(\left(1\right)\)
\(\left(ii\right)\) Với \(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}>0;\) \(\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]>0\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]+\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}.\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}\ge3-2\left(c-b\right)\) \(\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(iii\right)\) Với \(\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}>0;\) \(\frac{c-a}{16}>0\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c-a}{8}+\frac{c-a}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}.\frac{\left(c-a\right)}{8}.\frac{\left(c-a\right)}{8}}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge\frac{3}{4}-\frac{c-a}{4}\) \(\left(3\right)\)
Cộng từng vế ba bất đẳng thức \(\left(1\right);\) \(\left(2\right)\) và \(\left(3\right)\) , ta được:
\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge3-2\left(b-a\right)+3-2\left(c-b\right)+\frac{3}{4}-\frac{c-a}{4}\)
nên \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge\frac{27}{4}-\frac{9\left(c-a\right)}{4}=\frac{27}{4}+\frac{9\left(a-c\right)}{4}\)
Mặt khác, từ \(\left(\alpha\right)\) ta suy ra được: \(\hept{\begin{cases}a\ge0\\2\ge c\end{cases}}\)
nên \(a+2\ge c\) hay nói cách khác \(a-c\ge-2\)
Do đó, \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge\frac{27}{4}+\frac{9.\left(-2\right)}{4}=\frac{9}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=0;b=1;c=2\) (thỏa mãn \(\left(\alpha\right)\) )
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(b-c\right)\left(1+a\right)^2=m\\\left(c-a\right)\left(1+b\right)^2=n\\\left(a-b\right)\left(1+c\right)^2=p\end{cases}}\)
khi đó pt đã cho có dạng \(\frac{m}{x+a^2}+\frac{n}{x+b^2}+\frac{p}{x+c^2}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow m\left(x+a^2\right)\left(x+b^2\right)+n\left(x+a^2\right)\left(x+c^2\right)+p\left(x+b^2\right)\left(x+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2\left(m+n+p\right)+x\left(m\left(a^2+b^2\right)+p\left(b^2+c^2\right)+n\left(c^2+a^2\right)\right)=0\)
Đến đây biện luận thôi ~~
Tớ làm hơi tắt đấy.
Mới nghĩ ra 3 câu:
a/ \(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)^2\left(1+c\right)}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(1+c\right)}}\le\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab\left(1+c\right)}}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{ab}{1+c}}\)
\(\sum\sqrt{\frac{ab}{1+c}}\le\sqrt{2\sum\frac{ab}{1+c}}\)
\(\sum\frac{ab}{1+c}=\sum\frac{ab}{a+c+b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\sum\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\)
c/ \(ab+bc+ca=2abc\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=2\)
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{1}{b};\frac{1}{c}\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=2\)
\(VT=\sum\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}\)
Ta có đánh giá: \(\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1}{2}\) \(\forall x\in\left(0;2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3\ge\left(2x-1\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2-12x+4\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
d/ Ta có đánh giá: \(\frac{x^4+y^4}{x^3+y^3}\ge\frac{x+y}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\ge0\)
Akai Haruma, Nguyễn Ngọc Lộc , @tth_new, @Băng Băng 2k6, @Trần Thanh Phương, @Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Mn giúp e vs ạ! Thanks!
Câu 1 chuyên phan bội châu
câu c hà nội
câu g khoa học tự nhiên
câu b am-gm dựa vào hằng đẳng thử rồi đặt ẩn phụ
câu f đặt \(a=\frac{2m}{n+p};b=\frac{2n}{p+m};c=\frac{2p}{m+n}\)
Gà như mình mấy câu còn lại ko bt nha ! để bạn tth_pro full cho nhé !
Câu c quen thuộc, chém trước:
Ta có BĐT phụ: \(\frac{x^3}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}\ge\frac{x^4}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\) \((\ast)\)
Hay là: \(\frac{1}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}\ge\frac{x}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\)
Có: \(8(y^2+z^2) \Big[(x^2 +y^2 +z^2)^2 -x\left\{x^3 +(y+z)^3 \right\}\Big]\)
\(= \left( 4\,x{y}^{2}+4\,x{z}^{2}-{y}^{3}-3\,{y}^{2}z-3\,y{z}^{2}-{z}^{3 } \right) ^{2}+ \left( 7\,{y}^{4}+8\,{y}^{3}z+18\,{y}^{2}{z}^{2}+8\,{z }^{3}y+7\,{z}^{4} \right) \left( y-z \right) ^{2} \)
Từ đó BĐT \((\ast)\) là đúng. Do đó: \(\sqrt{\frac{x^3}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}}\ge\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)
\(\therefore VT=\sum\sqrt{\frac{x^3}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}}\ge\sum\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=1\)
Done.
Ta có
\(\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{a}{b-c}=-\frac{b}{c-a}-\frac{c}{a-b}\\\frac{b}{c-a}=-\frac{a}{b-c}-\frac{c}{a-b}\\\frac{c}{a-b}=-\frac{a}{b-c}-\frac{b}{c-a}\end{matrix}\right.\) (1)
Mà
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{a}{b-c}.\frac{1}{b-c}\\\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{b}{c-a}.\frac{1}{c-a}\\\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{c}{a-b}.\frac{1}{a-b}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b-c}.\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}.\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}.\frac{1}{a-b}=0\)
Thay điều (1) vào biểu thức ta có :
\(\frac{a}{b-c}.\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}.\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}.\frac{1}{a-b}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(-\frac{b}{c-a}-\frac{c}{a-b}\right).\frac{1}{b-c}+\left(-\frac{a}{b-c}-\frac{c}{a-b}\right).\frac{1}{c-a}+\left(-\frac{a}{b-c}-\frac{b}{c-a}\right).\frac{1}{a-b}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}-\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}-\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}-\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}-\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}-\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}-\frac{a}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}-\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}-\frac{a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}-\frac{c}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}-\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\frac{b-a}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}-\frac{c-a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}-\frac{c-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left[\frac{b+a}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{c+a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{c+b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left[\frac{\left(b+a\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)^2\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)+\left(c+b\right)\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}{\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2\left(a-b\right)^2}\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left\{\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left[\left(b+a\right)\left(a-b\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)\right]}{\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2\left(a-b\right)^2}\right\}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left[\frac{\left(b+a\right)\left(b-a\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left[\frac{\left(a^2-b^2\right)+\left(c^2-a^2\right)+\left(b^2-c^2\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left[\frac{\left(-b^2+b^2\right)+\left(-a^2+a^2\right)+\left(-c^2+c^2\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left[\frac{0}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow0=0\) ( đpcm )
ta có \(\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right)^2=\)\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\right)\)
= \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\)= A2
vậy A = \(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)là một số hữu tỉ
bđt cần c/m <=>
\(\frac{1}{\left(a+c-b-c\right)^2}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2}\ge4\\ \)
\(\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2-2}+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(a+c\right)^2\ge4\\ \)
\(\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2-2}+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(a+c\right)^2-2\ge2\)(đúng , theo cô-si)
ok
\(\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right)^2=\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a-c\right)^2}+2\frac{c-a+a-b+b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a-c\right)^2}\)
Từ đây ta có đpcm.