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M = 5 + 52 + 53 + ... + 52012.
= ( 5+1 ).52 + ( 5+1 ). 53 +...+( 5+1 ). 5 80
=6. 52 + 6. 53 + ...+ 6. 5 80
=\(6\).52.53x...x5 80
Vậy M chia hết cho 6.
\(M=2+2^3+2^5+2^7+....+2^{51}\)
\(=\left(2+2^3\right)+\left(2^5+2^7\right)+....+\left(2^{49}+2^{51}\right)\)
\(=10+2^4\left(2+2^3\right)+....+2^{48}\left(2+2^3\right)\)
\(=10+2^4.10+...+2^{48}.10\)
\(=10\left(1+2^4+...+2^{48}\right)\Rightarrow M⋮10\)
\(=2.5.\left(1+2^4+...+2^{48}\right)\Rightarrow M⋮5\)
\(M=2+2^3+2^5+2^7+....+2^{51}.\)
\(M+2^{ }=2+2+2^3+2^5+2^7+.....+2^{51}\)
\(=\left(2+2+2^3\right)+\left(2^5+2^7+2^9\right)+....+\left(2^{47}+2^{49}+2^{51}\right)\)
\(=12+2^4\left(2+2^3+2^5\right)+......+2^{46}\left(2+2^3+2^5\right)\)
\(=12+2^4.42+....+2^{46}.42\)
\(=12+7.3.2\left(2^4+...+2^{46}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left[12+7.3.2\left(2^4+.....+2^{46}\right)\right]-2\)
\(=10+7.3.2\left(2^4+....+2^{46}\right)\)
Ta có: \(7.3.2\left(2^4+...+2^{46}\right)⋮7\)mà 10 không chia hết cho 7
Suy M không chia hết cho 7
a, 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) + ... + \(4^{60}\) chia hết cho 5
= ( 4 + \(4^2\) ) + ( \(4^3\) + \(4^4\) ) +... + ( \(4^{59}\) + \(4^{60}\))
= ( 4 + \(4^2\) ) + \(4^3\) . ( 4 + \(4^2\) ) +... + \(4^{59}\). ( 4 + \(4^2\) )
= 20 + \(4^3\) . 20 + ... + \(4^{59}\) . 20
= 20 . ( 1 + \(4^3\) + ... + \(4^{59}\) ) chia hết cho 5
4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) + ... + \(4^{60}\) chia hết cho 21
= ( 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) ) + ( \(4^4\) + \(4^5\) + \(4^6\) ) + ... + ( \(4^{58}\)+ \(4^{59}\) + \(4^{60}\) )
= ( 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) ) + \(4^4\) . ( 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) ) + ... + \(4^{58}\) . ( 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) )
= 84 + \(4^4\) . 84 + .... + \(4^{58}\) . 84
= 84 . ( 1 + \(4^4\) + ... + \(4^{58}\) ) chia hết cho 21
b, 5 + \(5^2\) + \(5^3\) + ... + \(5^{10}\) chia hết cho 6
= ( 5 + \(5^2\) ) + ( \(5^3\) + \(5^4\) ) + ... + ( \(5^9\) + \(5^{10}\) )
= ( 5 + \(5^2\) ) + \(5^3\) . ( 5 + \(5^2\) ) + ... + \(5^9\) . ( 5 + \(5^2\) )
= 30 + \(5^3\) . 30 + ... + \(5^9\) . 30
= 30 . ( 1 + \(5^3\) + ... + \(5^9\) ) chia hết cho 6
Bài 1 : \(A=1+3+3^2+...+3^{31}\)
a. \(A=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^9.\left(1.3.3^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=13+3^9.13\)
\(\Rightarrow A=13.\left(1+...+3^9\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A⋮13\)
b. \(A=\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+3^8.\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=40+...+3^8.40\)
\(\Rightarrow A=40.\left(1+...+3^8\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A⋮40\)
Bài 2:
Ta có: \(C=3+3^2+3^4+...+3^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=(3+3^2+3^3+3^4)+...+(3^{97}+3^{98}+3^{99}+3^{100})\)
\(\Rightarrow3.(1+3+3^2+3^3)+...+3^{97}.(1+3+3^2+3^3)\)
\(\Rightarrow3.40+...+3^{97}.40\)
Vì tất cả các số hạng của biểu thức C đều chia hết cho 40
\(\Rightarrow C⋮40\)
Vậy \(C⋮40\)
\(A=5+5^2+5^3+5^4+5^5+5^6\)
\(5A=5^2+5^3+5^4+5^5+5^6+5^7\)
\(\rightarrow5A-A=5^7-5\)
\(\rightarrow A=\frac{5^7-5}{4}\)
Vậy A < 5^7