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ta có: \(x+y+z=a\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow b+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=a^2\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=\frac{a^2-b}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow\frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow c\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=xyz\)
Ta có:\(x^3+y^3+z^3=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)+3xyz\)
\(=a\left(b-\frac{a^2-b}{2}\right)+\frac{3c\left(a^2-b\right)}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(x+y+z=a\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=a^2\)
Ta lại có:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2=b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2-\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=a^2-b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+xz+yz\right)-x^2-y^2-z^2=a^2-b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(xy+xz+yz\right)=a^2-b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+xz+yz=\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Lại có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{yz}{xyz}+\dfrac{xz}{xyz}+\dfrac{xy}{xyz}=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{yz+xz+xy}{xyz}=c\)
\(\Rightarrow yz+xz+xy=c.xyz\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
\(\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{2}=c.xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{2c}=xyz\)
Như vậy ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=a\\xy+yz+zx=\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{2}\\xyz=\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)^3-3\left(x^2z+xyz+xz^2+x^2y+xyz+xy^2+y^2z+xyz+yz^2\right)+3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)^3-3\left[xz\left(x+y+z\right)+xy\left(x+y+z\right)+yz\left(x+y+z\right)\right]+3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)^3-3\left[\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\right]+3xyz\)
\(=a^3-3\left[\dfrac{\left(a^2-b^2\right)}{c}.a\right]+3\left(\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{2c}\right)\)
\(=a^3-\dfrac{3a\left(a^2-b^2\right)}{c}+\dfrac{3\left(a^2-b^2\right)}{2c}\)
\(=a^3-\dfrac{6a\left(a^2-b^2\right)}{2c}+\dfrac{3\left(a^2-b^2\right)}{2c}\)
\(=a^3-\dfrac{6a\left(a^2-b^2\right)+3\left(a^2-b^2\right)}{2c}\)
\(=a^3-\dfrac{3\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(2a+1\right)}{2c}\)
a) Ta có: \(A=x\left(x+2\right)+y\left(y-2\right)-2xy+37\)
\(=x^2+2x+y^2-2y-2xy+37\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(2x-2y\right)+37\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)+37\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y+2\right)+37\)(1)
Thay x-y=7 vào biểu thức (1), ta được:
\(A=7\cdot\left(7+2\right)+37=7\cdot9+37=100\)
Vậy: Khi x-y=7 thì A=100
b) Ta có: \(x+y=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2xy+10=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2xy=-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy=-3\)
Ta có: \(A=x^3+y^3\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)(2)
Thay x+y=2; \(x^2+y^2=10\) và xy=-3 vào biểu thức (2), ta được:
\(A=2\cdot\left(10+3\right)=2\cdot13=26\)
Vậy: Khi x+y=2 và \(x^2+y^2=10\) thì A=26
\(\Rightarrow A=x^2+2x+y^2-2y-2xy+37=x^2-2xy+y^2+2\left(x-y\right)+37=\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)+37=7^2+2\cdot7+37=100\)
\(\Rightarrow A=x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left[x^2+y^2-\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{2}\right]=2\cdot\left[10+3\right]=2\cdot13=26\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-z\\x+z=-y\\y+z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow P=\left(\dfrac{x+y}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{y+z}{z}\right)\left(\dfrac{x+z}{x}\right)=-\dfrac{z}{y}\cdot\dfrac{-x}{z}\cdot-\dfrac{y}{x}=-1\)