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2) \(\sum\dfrac{x}{x^2-yz+2013}=\sum\dfrac{x^2}{x^3-xyz+2013x}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dễ dàng chứng minh được:
\(\left(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}\right)^2\ge3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
Thật vậy: Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{xy}{z};\dfrac{yz}{x};\dfrac{xz}{y}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\), ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(Luôn đúng). Vậy vế đầu đúng, vế thứ hai đúng theo Cauchy-Schwarz
Suy ra: \(A\ge1\)
\(VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+xy+yz+xz}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{y^2+xy+yz+xz}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xz}{z^2+xy+yz+xz}}\)
\(VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xz}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{xz}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{x+y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{x+z}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\dfrac{x+y}{x+y}+\dfrac{y+z}{y+z}+\dfrac{x+z}{x+z}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2016}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{y^2+2016}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xz}{z^2+2016}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=4\sqrt{42}\)
Sửa đề:\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2016}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2016}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xz}{y^2+2016}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Giải
Ta có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2016}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+xy+xz+yz}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2016}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+z}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2016}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}\right);\sqrt{\dfrac{xz}{y^2+2016}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(\Sigma\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2016}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\Sigma\left(\dfrac{x}{x+z}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\Sigma\left(\dfrac{x}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=4\sqrt{42}\)
Lời giải:
\(P=\frac{xy}{z}+\frac{yz}{x}+\frac{xz}{y}=\frac{x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2}{xyz}\)
Xét
\((x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2)^2=x^4y^4+y^4z^4+z^4x^4+2x^2y^2z^2(x^2+y^2+z^2)\) (1)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(x^4y^4+y^4z^4\geq 2x^2y^4z^2\)
\(y^4z^4+z^4x^4\geq 2x^2y^2z^4\)
\(x^4y^4+z^4x^4\geq 2x^4y^2z^2\)
Cộng theo vế: \(\Rightarrow 2(x^4y^4+y^4z^4+z^4x^4)\geq 2x^2y^2z^2(x^2+y^2+z^2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4y^4+y^4z^4+z^4x^4\geq x^2y^2z^2(x^2+y^2+z^2)\) (2)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow (x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2)^2\geq 3x^2y^2z^2(x^2+y^2+z^2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2)^2\geq 6048x^2y^2z^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\geq 12\sqrt{42}xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\frac{x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2}{xyz}\geq 12\sqrt{42}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=12\sqrt{42}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=4\sqrt{42}\)