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Ta có: \(xy+yz+zx=xyz\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\)
Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\)ta có: \(a,b,c>0;a+b+c=1\)do đó 0<a,b,c<1
\(P=\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{c^2}{b}+\frac{a^2}{c}+6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(=\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{c^2}{b}+\frac{a^2}{c}+2\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2-\left(b-c\right)^2-\left(c-a\right)^2+3\)
\(=\left(\frac{b^2}{a}-2b+a\right)+\left(\frac{c^2}{b}-2c+b\right)+\left(\frac{a^2}{c}-2a+c\right)-\left(a-b\right)^2-\left(b-c\right)^2-\left(c-a\right)^2+3\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{a}+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{b}+\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{c}-\left(a-b\right)^2-\left(b-c\right)^2-\left(c-a\right)^2+3\)
\(=\frac{\left(1-a\right)\left(a-b\right)^2}{a}+\frac{\left(1-b\right)\left(b-c\right)^2}{b}+\frac{\left(1-c\right)\left(c-a\right)^2}{c}+3\ge3\)
Vậy GTNN của P=3
\(\frac{x^2}{y+1}+\frac{y+1}{4}\ge x;\frac{y^2}{z+1}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge y;\frac{z^2}{x+1}+\frac{x+1}{4}\ge z\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}.2=\frac{3}{2}\)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\)
Mà \(x^2+y^2+z^2\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz\le3\)
Ta có \(P=\frac{1}{1+xy}+\frac{1}{1+yz}+\frac{1}{1+xz}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{xy+1+yz+1+xz+1}=\frac{9}{xy+yz+xz+3}\left(1\right)\)
Ta có : \(xy+yz+xz\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz+3\le6\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{9}{xy+yz+xz+3}\ge\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
trước tiên ta phải cm: \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\left(#\right)\left(\forall a,b,c\in R;x,y,z>0\right)\)
dấu = xảy ra khi zà chỉ khi\(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)
thật zậy , zới \(a,b\in R;x,y>0\)ta có \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\left(##\right)\left(a,b\in R;x,y>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2y+b^2x\right)\left(x+y\right)\ge xy\left(a+b\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(bx-ay\right)^2\ge0\)( luôn đúng )
dấu = xảy ra khi zà chỉ khi\(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\)
* áp dụng bất đẳng thức (##) ta được
\(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
dấu = xảy ra khi zà chỉ khi \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)\
* áp dụng bất đẳng thức (#) ta có
vt = \(\frac{x^2}{x\left(x^2-yz+2010\right)}+\frac{y^2}{y\left(y^2-xz+2010\right)}+\frac{z^2}{z\left(z^2-xy+2010\right)}\)
=\(\frac{x^2}{x\left(x^2-yz+2010\right)}+\frac{y^2}{y\left(y^2-xz+2010\right)}+\frac{z^2}{z\left(z^2-xy+2010\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2010\left(x+y+z\right)}\left(1\right)\)
Lưu ý nhé : \(x\left(x^2-yz+2010\right)=x\left(x^2+xy+zx+1340\right)>0\)
\(y\left(y^2-xz+2010\right)>0\)
\(z\left(z^2-xy+2010\right)>0\)
Ta có \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\right]\)
do dó \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2010\left(x+y+z\right)\) \(\)
=\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+2010\right]\)
=\(\left(x+y+z\right)^3\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) zà (2) suy ra
vt \(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)
dấu = xảy ra khi zà chỉ khi \(x=y=z=\frac{\sqrt{2010}}{3}\)
\(\frac{3}{2}\ge x+y+z\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)
\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2.y\left(zx+1\right)^2.z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(zx+1\right)x^2\left(xy+1\right)y^2\left(yz+1\right)}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{xyz}}\)
Xét \(Q=\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{xyz}=\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{\sqrt{xy}.\sqrt{yz}.\sqrt{zx}}\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{xy};\sqrt{yz};\sqrt{zx}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow a+b+c\le\frac{3}{2}\Rightarrow abc\le\frac{1}{8}\)
\(Q=\frac{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}{abc}=\frac{1+a^2b^2c^2+a^2+b^2+c^2+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}{abc}\)
\(Q\ge\frac{1+a^2b^2c^2+3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}+3\sqrt[3]{a^4b^4c^4}}{abc}=\frac{1}{abc}+abc+3\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)\)
\(Q\ge abc+\frac{1}{64abc}+3\left(\sqrt[3]{abc}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)+\frac{63}{64abc}+\frac{9}{4\sqrt[3]{abc}}\)
\(Q\ge2\sqrt{\frac{abc}{64abc}}+6\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt[3]{abc}}{4\sqrt[3]{abc}}}+\frac{63}{64.\frac{1}{8}}+\frac{9}{4.\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{8}}}=\frac{125}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3\sqrt[3]{Q}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{125}{8}}=\frac{15}{2}\)
\(P_{min}=\frac{15}{2}\) khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\) hay \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)
vì có 1 chút nhầm lẫn nên giờ mk mới ra mong bạn thứ lỗi
bài 1
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4a^4}{2a^3+2a^2b^2}+\frac{4b^4}{2b^3+2c^2b^2}+\frac{4c^4}{2c^3+2a^2c^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\right)^2}{2a^3+2b^3+2c^3+2a^2b^2+2c^2b^2+2a^2c^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{36}{a^4+a^2+b^4+b^2+c^4+c^2+2a^2b^2+2c^2b^2+2a^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{36}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2}=3\ge a+b+c\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 2 là chuyên Bình Thuận, 2016-2017
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy – Schwarz, ta có:
\(\frac{xy}{x^2+yz+zx}\le\frac{xy\left(y^2+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x^2+yz+zx\right)\left(y^2+yz+zx\right)}\le\frac{xy\left(y^2+yz+zx\right)}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{yz}{y^2+zx+xy}\le\frac{xy\left(z^2+zx+xy\right)}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}\);\(\frac{zx}{z^2+xy+yz}\le\frac{zx\left(x^2+xy+yz\right)}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}\)
Cộng từng vế của 3 BĐT trên. ta được:
\(VT\le\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{xy+yz+zx}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z
\(P^2=\frac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\frac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\frac{z^2x^2}{y^2}+2.\left(\frac{xy.yz}{zx}+\frac{yz.zx}{xy}+\frac{zx.xy}{zy}\right)\)
\(=\frac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\frac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\frac{z^2x^2}{y^2}+2.2016\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:\(\frac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\frac{y^2z^2}{x^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2y^2}{z^2}.\frac{y^2z^2}{x^2}}=2y^2\)
\(\frac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\frac{z^2x^2}{y^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y^2z^2}{x^2}.\frac{z^2x^2}{y^2}}=2z^2\)
\(\frac{z^2x^2}{y^2}+\frac{x^2y^2}{z^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2z^2}{y^2}.\frac{x^2y^2}{z^2}}=2x^2\)
Cộng theo vế ta được:\(2\left(\frac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\frac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\frac{z^2x^2}{y^2}\right)\ge2x^2+2y^2+2z^2=2.2016\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\frac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\frac{z^2x^2}{y^2}\ge2016\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\ge2016+2016.2=6048\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{6048}=12\sqrt{42}\)
Nên GTNN của P là \(12\sqrt{42}\) đạt được khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{\frac{2016}{3}}=4\sqrt{42}\)