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\(5\le xy+yz+zx\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x+y+z\ge\sqrt{15}\)
\(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{8x^2+3y^2+14xy}}=\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{8x^2+2xy+3y^2+12xy}}\ge\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{9x^2+12xy+4y^2}}=\frac{x^2}{3x+2y}\)
\(A\ge sigma\frac{x^2}{3x+2y}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{5\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{5}\ge\sqrt{\frac{3}{5}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}}\)
Ta có \(\sqrt{3x+yz}=\sqrt{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}=\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}\)(BĐT buniacoxki)
=>\(VT\le\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{yx}+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{zx}+\sqrt{yz}}\)
=> \(VT\le\frac{\sqrt[]{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+\frac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}=1\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhia ta có :
\(\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{2x}\right)^2\le2\left(1+x^2+2x\right)=2\left(x+1\right)^2\text{ nên }\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{2x}\le\sqrt{2}\left(x+1\right)\)
tương tự ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{1+y^2}+\sqrt{2y}\le\sqrt{2}\left(y+1\right)\\\sqrt{1+z^2}+\sqrt{2z}\le\sqrt{2}\left(z+1\right)\end{cases}}\)
Nên \(A\le\sqrt{2}\left(x+y+z+3\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)\)
\(\le6\sqrt{2}+\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)\sqrt{3\left(x+y+z\right)}\le6\sqrt{2}+\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right).3=6+3\sqrt{2}\)
dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Câu 1:
\(y^2+yz+z^2=1-\frac{3x^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2y^2+2yz+2z^2=2-3x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+z\right)^2+y^2+z^2+3x^2=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+z\right)^2+x^2+2x\left(y+z\right)+y^2+z^2+2x^2-2x\left(y+z\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2xz+z^2\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=2-\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-z\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A^2=2-\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2\right]\le2\forall x;y;z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le A\le\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=z\\x+y+z=-\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{-\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
\(A_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
Câu 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(P=\frac{1}{1+xy}+\frac{1}{1+yz}+\frac{1}{1+zx}\ge\frac{9}{3+xy+yz+zx}\ge\frac{9}{3+x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Câu 3:
\(P=\frac{ab\sqrt{c-2}+bc\sqrt{a-3}+ca\sqrt{b-4}}{abc}\) ( \(a\ge3;b\ge4;c\ge2\) )
\(P=\frac{\sqrt{c-2}}{c}+\frac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{c-2}}{c}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{3}\cdot\sqrt{a-3}}{a}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2\cdot\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2+c-2}{c}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3+a-3}{a}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4+b-4}{b}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=6\\b=8\\c=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 4:
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=a;\sqrt{y}=b\left(a;b\ge0\right)\)
\(M=a^2-2ab+3b^2-2a+1\)
\(M=a^2-a\left(2b+2\right)+3b^2+1\)
\(\Delta=\left(2b+2\right)^2-4\left(3b^2+1\right)\)
\(=-8b^2+8b\)
\(=-8b\left(b+1\right)\ge0\)
Vì \(b\ge0\) nên \(-8b\left(b+1\right)\le0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=0\)
Khi đó \(M=a^2-2a+1=\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=1\)
Vậy \(M_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x;y;z\ge0\\x+y+z=1\end{cases}\Rightarrow0\le x;y;z\le1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\left(1-x\right)\ge0\\y\left(1-y\right)\ge0\\z\left(1-z\right)\ge0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-x^2\ge0\\y-y^2\ge0\\z-z^2\ge0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2\le x\\y^2\le y\\z^2\le z\end{cases}}\)
Ta có \(S=\sqrt{3x^2+1}+\sqrt{3y^2+1}+\sqrt{3z^2+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{x^2+2x^2+1}+\sqrt{y^2+2y^2+1}+\sqrt{z^2+2z^2+1}\)
\(\le\sqrt{x^2+2x+1}+\sqrt{y^2+2y+1}+\sqrt{z^2+2z+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(y+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(z+1\right)^2}\)
\(=x+1+y+1+z+1\)
\(=x+y+z+3=4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = 0 ; z = 1 và các hoán vị
xét :\(\sqrt{3a^2+1}=< a+1\)
=>\(3a^2+1=< a^2+2a+1\)
=>\(2a\left(a-1\right)=< 0\)luon dung
ap dụng bđt vừa chứng minh ta có :S>=x+y+z+3=1
xay ra dấu = khi x=y=0,z=1(hoán vị)
Khi x;y;z dương thì biểu thức này không tồn tại min, chỉ tồn tại max
Nó tồn tại min khi x;y;z là các số thực không âm