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1: \(\dfrac{A}{B}=\dfrac{4}{3}x^{n+1-3}y^{2-n+1}=\dfrac{4}{3}x^{n-2}y^{3-n}\)
Để A chia hết cho B thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n-2>=0\\3-n< =0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow2< =n< =3\)
2: \(\dfrac{A}{B}=\dfrac{7}{5}x^{n-1-2}y^{5-n}-xy^{4-n}=\dfrac{7}{5}x^{n-3}y^{5-n}-xy^{4-n}\)
Để A chia hết cho B thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n-3>=0\\5-n>=0\\4-n>=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow3\le n\le4\)
Bài 1: Chưa đủ dữ kiện để tính. Từ $a+b=2$ bạn chỉ có thể tính $a^2+b^2+2ab$
Bài 2:
\(a^2+b^2-ab-a-b+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2a^2+2b^2-2ab-2a-2b+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2-2ab+b^2)+(a^2-2a+1)+(b^2-2b+1)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(a-1)^2+(b-1)^2=0\)
Vì \((a-b)^2\geq 0; (a-1)^2\geq 0;(b-1)^2\geq 0, \forall a,b\in\mathbb{R}\)
\(\Rightarrow (a-b)^2+(a-1)^2+(b-1)^2\geq 0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \((a-b)^2=(a-1)^2=(b-1)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
Bài 3:
\(x+y=x^3+y^3=(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2-1)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x+y=0\\ x^2-xy+y^2-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\).
Nếu $x+y=0$ \(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2=x+y=0\)
Mà \(x^2\geq 0, y^2\geq 0, \forall x,y\) nên để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì \(x^2=y^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=y=0\) (thỏa mãn)
Nếu \(x^2-xy+y^2-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+y^2)-xy-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y-xy-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)(1-y)=0\) \(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=1\\ y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(x=1\Rightarrow 1+y=1+y^2=1+y^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y=y^2=y^3\Rightarrow y=0\) hoặc $y=1$
\(y=1\Rightarrow x+1=x^2+1=x^3+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=x^2=x^3\Rightarrow x=0\) hoặc $x=1$.
Vậy $(x,y)=(0,0); (1,0), (0,1), (1,1)$
a) \(\dfrac{1}{8}x^3y^3-27=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}xy\right)^3-3^3=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}xy-3\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{4}x^2y^2+\dfrac{1}{6}xy+9\right)\)
b)\(\dfrac{8}{125}x^3+27y^3=\left(\dfrac{2}{5}x\right)^3+\left(3y\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{2}{5}x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{4}{25}x^2-\dfrac{6}{5}xy+9y^2\right)\)
c) \(0.008x^6-27y^3=\left(0.2x^2\right)^3-\left(3y\right)^3=\left(0.2x^2-3y\right)\left(0.04x^4+\dfrac{3}{5}x^2y+9y^2\right)\)
d)\(\left(2x+y\right)^3-\left(x-y\right)^3=\left(2x+y-x+y\right)[\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(2x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)^2]\\ =\left(x+2y\right)\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2+2x^2-2xy+xy-y^2+x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\\ =\left(x+2y\right)\left(6x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)
Bài 1:
a) \(\dfrac{1}{8}x^3y^3-27\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}xy\right)^3-3^3\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}xy-3\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{2}xy\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}xy.3+3^2\right]\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}xy-3\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{4}xy+\dfrac{3}{2}xy+9\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}xy-3\right)\left(\dfrac{7}{4}xy+9\right)\)
b) \(\dfrac{8}{125}x^3+\dfrac{1}{8}y^3\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{2}{5}x\right)^3+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{2}{5}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{2}{5}x\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{5}x.\dfrac{1}{2}y+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}y\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{2}{5}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y\right)\left(\dfrac{4}{25}x-\dfrac{1}{5}xy+\dfrac{1}{4}y\right)\)
c) \(0.008x^6-27y^3\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{5}x^2\right)^3-\left(3y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{5}x^2-3y\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{5}x^2\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{5}x^2.3y+\left(3y\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{5}x^2-3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{25}x^4+\dfrac{3}{5}x^2y+9y^2\right)\)
d) \(\left(2x+y\right)^3-\left(x-y\right)^3\)
\(=\left[\left(2x+y\right)-\left(x-y\right)\right]\left[\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(2x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left(2x+y-x+y\right)\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2+2x^3-2xy+xy-y^2+x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(4x^2+2x^3+xy\right)\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(x^{8n}+x^{4n}+1=(x^{4n})^2+2.x^{4n}+1-x^{4n}\)
\(=(x^{4n}+1)^2-x^{4n}=(x^{4n}+1+x^{2n})(x^{4n}+1-x^{2n})\)
Xét \(x^{4n}+1+x^{2n}=(x^{2n})^2+2.x^{2n}+1-x^{2n}=(x^{2n}+1)^2-x^{2n}\)
\(=(x^{2n}+1+x^n)(x^{2n}+1-x^n)\)
Do đó:
\(x^{8n}+x^{4n}+1=(x^{4n}+1-x^{2n})(x^{2n}+1+x^n)(x^{2n}+1-x^n)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^{8n}+x^{4n}+1\vdots x^{2n}+x^n+1\) (đpcm)
b)
Sửa đề: \(x^{3m+1}+x^{3n+2}+1\vdots x^2+x+1\)
Đặt \(A=x^{3m+1}+x^{3n+2}+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=x(x^{3m}-1)+x+x^2(x^{3n}-1)+x^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=x[ (x^3)^m-1]+x^2[(x^3)^n-1]+(x^2+x+1)\)
Khai triển:
\((x^3)^m-1=(x^3)^m-1^m=(x^3-1).T=(x-1)(x^2+x+1)T\)
(đặt là T vì phần biểu thức đó không quan trọng)
\(\Rightarrow (x^3)^m-1\vdots x^2+x+1\)
Tương tự, \((x^3)^n-1\vdots x^2+x+1\)
Do đó, \(A=x(x^{3m}-1)+x^2(x^{3n}-1)+x^2+x+1\vdots x^2+x+1\)
Ta có đpcm.