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Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(2011.x^{2012}+1\ge2012.x^{2011}\) ; \(2011y^{2012}+1\ge2012x^{2011}\)
\(\Rightarrow2011\left(x^{2012}+y^{2012}\right)\ge2011\left(x^{2011}+y^{2011}\right)+x^{2011}+y^{2011}-2\)
Mặt khác \(x^{2011}+2010\ge2011x\) ; \(y^{2011}+2010\ge2011y\)
\(\Rightarrow x^{2011}+y^{2011}\ge2011\left(x+y\right)-2010.2=2\)
\(\Rightarrow2011\left(x^{2012}+y^{2012}\right)\ge2011\left(x^{2011}+y^{2011}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^{2012}+y^{2012}\ge x^{2011}+y^{2011}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)
Bài 1: Chỉ cần chú ý đẳng thức \(a^5+b^5=\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^3+b^3\right)-a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)\) là ok!
Làm như sau: Từ \(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=14\Rightarrow x^2+2.x.\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x^2}=16\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2=16\). Do \(x>0\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{x}>0\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{x}=4\)
: \(x^5+\frac{1}{x^5}=\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\left(x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}\right)-\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(=14\left(x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}\right)-\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(=14\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}-1\right)-4\)
\(=14.4.\left(14-1\right)-4=724\) là một số nguyên (đpcm)
P/s: Lâu ko làm nên cũng ko chắc đâu nhé!
\(\dfrac{x-3}{2011}+\dfrac{x-2}{2012}=\dfrac{x-2012}{2}+\dfrac{x-2011}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-3}{2011}+\dfrac{x-2}{2012}-2=\dfrac{x-2012}{2}+\dfrac{x-2011}{3}-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-3}{2011}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-2}{2012}-1\right)=\left(\dfrac{x-2012}{2}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-2011}{3}-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2014}{2011}+\dfrac{x-2014}{2012}-\dfrac{x-2014}{2}-\dfrac{x-2014}{3}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2014\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2011}+\dfrac{1}{2012}-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-2014=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
\(\dfrac{x-3}{2011}+\dfrac{x-2}{2012}=\dfrac{x-2012}{2}+\dfrac{x-2011}{3}\)
<=>\(\dfrac{x-3}{2011}-1+\dfrac{x-2}{2012}-1=\dfrac{x-2012}{2}-1+\dfrac{x-2011}{3}-1\)
<=>\(\dfrac{x-2014}{2011}+\dfrac{x-2014}{2012}=\dfrac{x-2014}{2}+\dfrac{x-2014}{3}\)
<=>\(\dfrac{x-2014}{2011}+\dfrac{x-2014}{2012}-\dfrac{x-2014}{2}-\dfrac{x-2014}{3}=0\)
<=>\(\left(x-2014\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2011}+\dfrac{1}{2012}-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)=0\)
vì 1/2011+1/2012-1/2-1/3 khác 0
=>x-2014=0<=>x=2014
vậy....................
1, \(\dfrac{x-3}{2011}+\dfrac{x-2}{2012}=\dfrac{x-2012}{2}+\dfrac{x-2011}{3}\\ \\ < =>\dfrac{x-3}{2011}-1+\dfrac{x-2}{2012}-1=\dfrac{x-2012}{2}-1+\dfrac{x-2011}{3}-1\\ \\ < =>\dfrac{x-2014}{2011}+\dfrac{x-2014}{2012}-\dfrac{x-2014}{2}-\dfrac{x-2014}{3}=0\\ \\ < =>\left(x-2014\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{2011}+\dfrac{1}{2012}-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)=0\\ \\ < =>x-2014=0< =>x=2014\)
2, \(x^2+1=x\\ \\ < =>x^2-x+1=0\\ \\ < =>x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\\ \\ < =>\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\)
có vế trái luôn dương, vế phải = 0 => vô nghiệm
\(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{x^2}{a^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}-\frac{z^2}{c^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{x^2}{a^2}\right)+\left(\frac{y^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}\right)+\left(\frac{z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{z^2}{c^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2.\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{1}{a^2}\right)+y^2.\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{1}{b^2}\right)+z^2.\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{1}{c^2}\right)=0\)
vì \(a,b,c\ne0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{1}{a^2}\right)\ne0\\\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{1}{b^2}\right)\ne0\\\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\ne0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2=0\\y^2=0\\z^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=z=0\Rightarrow P=0+\frac{11}{2011}=\frac{11}{2011}\)
Xét \(\left(x^{2012}+y^{2012}\right)-\left(x^{2011}+y^{2011}\right)\)
\(=x^{2011}\left(x-1\right)+y^{2011}\left(y-1\right)\)
\(=x^{2011}\left(1-y\right)+y^{2011}\left(y-1\right)\) (do \(x-1=1-y\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^{2012}+y^{2012}\right)-\left(x^{2011}+y^{2011}\right)=\left(1-y\right)\left(x^{2011}-y^{2011}\right)\)
+ Giả sử \(x\ge y\Rightarrow x^{2011}\ge y^{2011}\) và \(x\ge1\ge y\)
Do đó \(\left(1-y\right)\left(x^{2011}-y^{2011}\right)\ge0\) (Đpcm)
+ Tương tự nếu \(y\ge x\Rightarrow y^{2011}\ge x^{2011}\) và \(y\ge1\ge x\)
Do đó \(\left(1-y\right)\left(x^{2011}-y^{2011}\right)\ge0\) (Đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)
Xét \left(x^{2012}+y^{2012}\right)-\left(x^{2011}+y^{2011}\right)(x2012+y2012)−(x2011+y2011)
=x^{2011}\left(x-1\right)+y^{2011}\left(y-1\right)=x2011(x−1)+y2011(y−1)
=x^{2011}\left(1-y\right)+y^{2011}\left(y-1\right)=x2011(1−y)+y2011(y−1) (do x-1=1-yx−1=1−y)
\Leftrightarrow\left(x^{2012}+y^{2012}\right)-\left(x^{2011}+y^{2011}\right)=\left(1-y\right)\left(x^{2011}-y^{2011}\right)⇔(x2012+y2012)−(x2011+y2011)=(1−y)(x2011−y2011)
+ Giả sử x\ge y\Rightarrow x^{2011}\ge y^{2011}x≥y⇒x2011≥y2011 và x\ge1\ge yx≥1≥y
Do đó \left(1-y\right)\left(x^{2011}-y^{2011}\right)\ge0(1−y)(x2011−y2011)≥0 (Đpcm)
+ Tương tự nếu y\ge x\Rightarrow y^{2011}\ge x^{2011}y≥x⇒y2011≥x2011 và y\ge1\ge xy≥1≥x
Do đó \left(1-y\right)\left(x^{2011}-y^{2011}\right)\ge0(1−y)(x2011−y2011)≥0 (Đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=1x=y=1