Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Áp dụng BĐT : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) \(\geq \) \(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\dfrac{1}{4}.\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\) \(\geq\) \(\dfrac{1}{x+y}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}\)\(\leq\)\(\dfrac{1}{4}.\left(\dfrac{1}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+z}\right)\)\(\leq\)\(\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+z}\right)\right)\)=\(\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)(1)
Chứng minh tương tự,ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}\) \(\leq\) \(\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)(2)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\) \(\leq\) \(\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z}\right)\)(3)
Đặt: \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\) là VT
Cộng các BĐT(1),(2),(3) lại với nhau ta được:
VT \(\leq\)\(\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) VT \(\leq\) \(\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{4}{y}+\dfrac{4}{z}\right)\)=\(\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)=\(\dfrac{1}{4}.4=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\) \(\leq\) 1
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{16}{2x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\left(2\right)\\\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z}\right)\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng (1), (2), (3) vế theo vế ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{4}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{4.4}{16}=1\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Bài 1:
Vì $x+y+z=1$ nên:
\(Q=\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{x(x+y+z)+yz}}+\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{y(x+y+z)+xz}}+\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{z(x+y+z)+xy}}\)
\(Q=\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}=\sqrt{(x+y)(z+x)}\geq \sqrt{(\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy})^2}=\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{x}{x+\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}\leq \frac{x}{x+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế suy ra:
\(Q\leq \frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+ \frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+ \frac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Vậy $Q$ max bằng $1$
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
Bài 2:
Vì $x+y+z=1$ nên:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{1-x^2}{x(x+y+z)+yz}+\frac{1-y^2}{y(x+y+z)+xz}+\frac{1-z^2}{z(x+y+z)+xy}\)
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(x+y+z)^2-x^2}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{(x+y+z)^2-y^2}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{(x+y+z)^2-z^2}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(y+z)[(x+y)+(x+z)]}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{(x+z)[(y+z)+(y+x)]}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{(x+y)[(z+x)+(z+y)]}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{2(y+z)\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{2(x+z)\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{2(x+y)\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq 2\underbrace{\left(\frac{y+z}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{x+z}{\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\right)}_{M}\)
Tiếp tục AM-GM cho 3 số trong ngoặc lớn, suy ra \(M\geq 3\)
Do đó: \(\text{VT}\geq 2.3=6\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $3x=3y=3z=1$
\(\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{x+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\)
\(=x.\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+1-1\right)+y.\left(\dfrac{y}{x+z}+1-1\right)+z.\left(\dfrac{z}{x+y}+1-1\right)\)
\(=x.\left(\dfrac{x+y+z}{y+z}\right)+y.\left(\dfrac{x+y+z}{x+z}\right)+z.\left(\dfrac{x+y+z}{x+y}\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)
a: Thiếu vế phải rồi bạn
b: \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}>=\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2>=4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2>=0\)(luôn đúng)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\sqrt{3}\)
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2=3\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{2}{xy}+\dfrac{2}{yz}+\dfrac{2}{xz}=3\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+2.\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)=3\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+2.\left(\dfrac{x+y+z}{xyz}\right)=3\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+2.1=3\) ( Do x+y+z=xyz )
\(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}=3-2=1\)
Vậy P = 1
\(P=1-\dfrac{1}{x+1}+1-\dfrac{1}{y+1}+1-\dfrac{1}{z+1}\)
\(P=3-\left(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(P\le3-\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+1+y+1+z+1}\le3-\dfrac{9}{1+3}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)