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Bài 3: \(3\left(\sqrt{2x^2+1}-1\right)=x\left(1+3x+8\sqrt{2x^2+1}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3-8x\right)\sqrt{2x^2+1}=3x^2+x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3-8x\right)^2\left(2x^2+1\right)=\left(3x^2+x+3\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow119x^4-102x^3+63x^2-54x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(7x-6\right)\left(17x^2+9\right)=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=\frac{6}{7}\end{cases}}\)
Thử lại, ta nhận được \(x=0\)là nghiệm duy nhất của phương trình
\(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{2x}+1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{2x}-1}-1\)
\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2x}-1+2x+\sqrt{2x}+x\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{x}}{2x-1}-1\)
\(=\dfrac{2x\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{2x}-1+2x-2x+1}{2x-1}=\dfrac{2x\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{2x}}{2x-1}\)
\(B=\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{2x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{2x}-1}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{x\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2x}-1-2x-\sqrt{2x}-x\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}}{2x-1}\)
\(=1+\dfrac{-2\sqrt{x}-1-2x}{2x-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x-1-2\sqrt{x}-1-2x}{2x-1}=\dfrac{-2-2\sqrt{x}}{2x-1}\)
\(P=A:B=\dfrac{2x\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{2x}}{2x-1}:\dfrac{-2\sqrt{x}-2}{2x-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}\left(x+\sqrt{2}\right)}{2x-1}\cdot\dfrac{2x-1}{-2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{-\sqrt{x}\left(x+\sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
b: Thay \(\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{2}\) vào P, ta được:
\(P=\left[-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{3+2\sqrt{2}}{2}+\sqrt{2}\right)\right]:\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{2}+1\right]\)
\(=\left[\dfrac{-\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{2}\cdot\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{2}}{2}\right]:\left[\dfrac{2+\sqrt{2}+2}{2}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{-\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(4\sqrt{2}+3\right)}{4}\cdot\dfrac{2}{4+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{-\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(4\sqrt{2}+3\right)}{2\cdot\left(2\sqrt{2}+1\right)}=\dfrac{-\left(4\sqrt{2}+3\right)}{3\cdot\left(3+\sqrt{2}\right)}\)
A)
Đặt \(\sqrt{1+2x}=a; \sqrt{1-2x}=b\) (\(a,b>0\) )
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a^2+b^2=2\\ a^2-b^2=4x=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 2a^2=2+\sqrt{3}\rightarrow 4a^2=4+2\sqrt{3}=(\sqrt{3}+1)^2\\ 2b^2=2-\sqrt{3}\rightarrow 4b^2=4-2\sqrt{3}=(\sqrt{3}-1)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a=\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}; b=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab=\frac{(\sqrt{3}+1)(\sqrt{3}-1)}{4}=\frac{1}{2}; a-b=1\)
Có:
\(A=\frac{a^2}{1+a}+\frac{b^2}{1-b}=\frac{a^2-a^2b+b^2+ab^2}{(1+a)(1-b)}\)
\(=\frac{2-ab(a-b)}{1+(a-b)-ab}=\frac{2-\frac{1}{2}.1}{1+1-\frac{1}{2}}=1\)
B)
\(2x=\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}\)
\(\Rightarrow 4x^2=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+2\)
\(\rightarrow 4(x^2-1)=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-2=\left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}-\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{4(x^2-1)}=\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}-\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}\) do $a>b$
T có: \(B=\frac{b\sqrt{4(x^2-1)}}{x-\sqrt{x^2-1}}=\frac{2b\sqrt{4(x^2-1)}}{2x-\sqrt{4(x^2-1)}}=\frac{2b\left ( \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}-\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}} \right )}{\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}-\left ( \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}-\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}} \right )}\)
\(=\frac{2b\left ( \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}-\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}} \right )}{2\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}}=\frac{b\left ( \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}-\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}} \right )}{\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}}=\frac{\frac{b(a-b)}{\sqrt{ab}}}{\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}}=a-b\)
Bài 6:
a: \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+4}=\sqrt{12}\)
=>x^2+4=12
=>x^2=8
=>\(x=\pm2\sqrt{2}\)
b: \(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x+1}-3\sqrt{x+1}=1\)
=>x+1=1
=>x=0
c: \(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{2x}+10\sqrt{2x}-3\sqrt{2x}-20=0\)
=>\(\sqrt{2x}=2\)
=>2x=4
=>x=2
d: \(\Leftrightarrow2\left|x+2\right|=8\)
=>x+2=4 hoặcx+2=-4
=>x=-6 hoặc x=2
Ta có \(x=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}-2}-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{3}+2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}+2}{\left(2\sqrt{3}-2\right)\left(2\sqrt{3}+2\right)}-\dfrac{3\left(2\sqrt{3}-2\right)}{\left(2\sqrt{3}-2\right)\left(2\sqrt{3}+2\right)}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}{12-4}-\dfrac{2\left(3\sqrt{3}-3\right)}{12-4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+1}{4}-\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}-3}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+1-3\sqrt{3}+3}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{4-2\sqrt{3}}{4}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{4}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{3}+1}}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}{2}=\dfrac{\left|\sqrt{3}-1\right|}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\Leftrightarrow2x=\sqrt{3}-1\Leftrightarrow2x+1=\sqrt{3}\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2=3\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x-2=0\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x-1=0\)
Ta lại có \(P=\dfrac{4\left(x+1\right)x^{2018}-2x^{2017}+2x+1}{2x^2+3x}=\dfrac{2x^{2017}\left[2\left(x+1\right)x-1\right]+\sqrt{3}}{2x^2+2x-1+x+1}=\dfrac{2x^{2017}\left[2x^2+2x-1\right]+\sqrt{3}}{x+1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{x+1}=\sqrt{3}:\left(x+1\right)=\sqrt{3}:\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}+1\right)=\sqrt{3}:\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}+1}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{3-1}=\dfrac{2\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)}{2}=3-\sqrt{3}\)Vậy khi \(x=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}-2}-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{3}+2}}\) thì P=\(3-\sqrt{3}\)
Bài 3:
a: \(=\left(4\sqrt{2}-6\sqrt{2}\right)\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=-2\sqrt{2}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=-2\)
b: \(=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}-2\left(\sqrt{6}-1\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{6}-2\sqrt{6}+2=2-\sqrt{6}\)
\(x=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{3}+1}+1-\sqrt{\sqrt{3}+1}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{3}+1}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{3}+1}+1\right)}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}+1-1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\left(2^4-2.2^3-2^2+2.2-1\right)^{2020}=\left(-1\right)^{2020}=1\)