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Có: \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge xy\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+1\ge xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}\le\dfrac{1}{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra <=> x = y
Tượng tự có:
\(\dfrac{1}{y^3+z^3+1}\le\dfrac{1}{yz\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
dấu = xảy ra <=> y = z
\(\dfrac{1}{z^3+x^3+1}\le\dfrac{1}{zx\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
dấu ''='' xảy ra <=> z = x
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{x+y+z}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=1\)
xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
\(P=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}=\frac{9}{3}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=3\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Lời giải:
Ta có: \(xy+yz+xz=3xyz\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=3\)
Mà theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
Do đó: \(3\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}\Rightarrow x+y+z\geq 3\)
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Ta có: \(\text{VT}=x-\frac{xz}{x^2+z}+y-\frac{xy}{y^2+x}+z-\frac{yz}{z^2+y}\)
\(=(x+y+z)-\left(\frac{xy}{y^2+x}+\frac{yz}{z^2+y}+\frac{xz}{x^2+z}\right)\)
\(\geq x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{xy}{\sqrt{xy^2}}+\frac{yz}{\sqrt{z^2y}}+\frac{xz}{\sqrt{x^2z}}\right)\) (AM-GM)
\(=x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z})\)
Tiếp tục AM-GM: \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\leq \frac{x+1}{2}+\frac{y+1}{2}+\frac{z+1}{2}=\frac{x+y+z+3}{2}\)
Suy ra:
\(\text{VT}\geq x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{x+y+z+3}{2}=\frac{3}{4}(x+y+z)-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\geq \frac{9}{4}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1$
1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)
\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)
Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được
\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)
2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)
Dấu"=" khi a = 4b
nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)
nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)
khi đó a + b = 1
mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{zx}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=1\)
Đặt vế trái là P, ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\)
\(P=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}\)
\(P=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\) hay \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
em nghĩ bài này lớp 7 hay 8 gì đó chứ nhỉ,nhưng em ko chắc đâu:v Bài 2a thì em chịu
1/ Ta có: \(\frac{n^2+2n+11}{n+1}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2+10}{n+1}=n+1+\frac{10}{n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow n+1\inƯ\left(10\right)=\left\{-10;-5;-2;-1;1;2;5;10\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow n\in\left\{-11;-6;-3;-2;0;1;4;9\right\}\)
2/ b) \(\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)=2018=2.1009=1009.2=1.2018=2018.1\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=2\\x+y=1009\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow2x=1011\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1011}{2}\left(L\right)\) (do x thuộc Z)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=1009\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow2x=1011\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1011}{2}\left(L\right)\)
(do x thuộc Z)
TH3: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=1\\x+y=2018\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow2x=2019\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{2019}{2}\) (L)
TH4: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=2018\\x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow2x=2019\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{2019}{2}\left(L\right)\)
Vậy không tồn tại các số x, y thuộc Z thỏa mãn phương trình
\(2,a;5^ynha\)
\(+,x=0\Rightarrow5^y=624+1=625=5^4\Rightarrow y=4\left(\text{thoa man}\right)\)
\(+,x\ne0\Rightarrow2^x+624\text{ chan mà:}5^y\text{ le}\Rightarrow\text{ loai}\)
\(x^2-y^2=2018\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)=2018\text{ là số chan mà:}x+y-\left(x-y\right)=2y\left(\text{ là số chan}\right)\Rightarrow\text{ x+y và: x-y cùng chan hoac cùng le mà:}\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)=2018\Rightarrow\text{ x+y và: x-y cùng chan}\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)⋮4\text{ mà:}2018\text{ không chia hết cho }4\text{ nên không tìm đ}ư\text{oc x,y thoa man đề bài}\)