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Điều đầu tiên ta cần chứng minh được BĐT :
\(x+y+z\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+2y+2z\ge2\sqrt{xy}+2\sqrt{yz}+2\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\sqrt{xy}+y\right)+\left(y-2\sqrt{yz}+z\right)+\left(z-2\sqrt{zx}+x\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)^2\ge0\) ( Đúng )
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - schwarz dưới dạng en-gel ta có :
\(A=\dfrac{x^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{y^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{z+x}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(Min_A=\dfrac{1}{2}\) . Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{\frac{xy}{xy+z}}=\sqrt{\frac{xy}{xy+z(x+y+z)}}=\sqrt{\frac{xy}{(z+x)(z+y)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{x+z}+\frac{y}{z+y}\right)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại suy ra:
\(\sum \sqrt{\frac{xy}{xy+z}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x+z}{x+z}+\frac{y+z}{y+z}+\frac{x+y}{x+y}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(A=\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{z+x}\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{x+y+y+z+z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\geq \frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+y\geq 2\sqrt{xy}\\ y+z\geq 2\sqrt{yz}\\ z+x\geq 2\sqrt{zx}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow 2(x+y+z)\geq 2(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx})=2\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\geq 1\)
Do đó: \(A\geq \frac{x+y+z}{2}\geq \frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Dâu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
Ta có : Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ba số ở mẫu ta được
\(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}+\dfrac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}\ge\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{y+z+1}{3}}+\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{x+z+1}{3}}+\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{x+y+1}{3}}=\dfrac{3x}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{3y}{x+z+1}+\dfrac{3z}{x+y+1}\)Thấy: \(xy+yz+xz\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\left(?!\right)\)
Ta phải chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{3x}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{3y}{x+z+1}+\dfrac{3z}{x+y+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{y}{x+z+1}+\dfrac{z}{x+y+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{9}\)
Mà \(\dfrac{x}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{y}{x+z+1}+\dfrac{z}{x+y+1}=\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz+x}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz+y}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz+z}\)
Theo C.B.S
\(\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz+x}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz+y}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz+z}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\)
Phải chứng minh
\(\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{1}{9}\)
Ta có : \(xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2=3\)
Theo C.B.S : \(x+y+z\le\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z\le9\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{1}{9}\)
=> ĐPCM
\(\dfrac{x^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{y^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+z}\ge\dfrac{x^2}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{zx}+\sqrt{yz}\right)}{x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{1-2.1}{1}=-1\)Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô-si ta có:
\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\) , \(x+z\ge2\sqrt{xz}\) , \(y+z\ge2\sqrt{yz}\)
Cộng vế với vế suy ra:
\(2\left(x+y+z\right)\ge2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{zx}+\sqrt{yz}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge1\)
Vậy
Trà ơi ! Mình xin lỗi bạn nhiều lắm bài đó mình lỡ giải sai, để mình sữa lại cho bạn:
Đầu tiên ta vẫn có:\(x+y+z\ge1\) (chứng minh trên)
Vậy \(\dfrac{x^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{y^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{z+x}\ge\dfrac{x^2}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{x+y+z}\ge x^2+y^2+z^2\ge0\)
\(Q=\dfrac{xyz}{z^3\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{xyz}{x^3\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{xyz}{y^3\left(x+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{z^3\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{1}{y^3\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{1}{x^3\left(y+z\right)}\) (vì xyz = 1)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{z\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}{y\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2}{x\left(y+z\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy schwarz với x,y,z > 0 ta có:
\(Q\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}=\dfrac{\left(xy+yz+xz\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}=\dfrac{xy+yz+xz}{2}\)Mặt khác theo BĐT cauchy với x;y;z>0 thì
\(xy+yz+xz\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}=3\)
Vậy MinQ = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
2) \(\sum\dfrac{x}{x^2-yz+2013}=\sum\dfrac{x^2}{x^3-xyz+2013x}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{2023}{xy+yz+zx}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy+yz+zx}+\dfrac{1}{xy+yz+zx}+\dfrac{2021}{xy+yz+zx}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{9}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{2021}{\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}\)\(=9+\dfrac{2021}{\dfrac{1}{3}}=6072\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Ta có:
+) \(xy+yz+zx\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\left(\text{Cô si}\right)\)
+) \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy+yz+zx}+\dfrac{1}{xy+yz+zx}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{9}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{9}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\left(\text{Svácxơ}\right)\)