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Đặt \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c},\frac{b-c}{a},\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)\)
Khi đó:\(\left(\frac{c}{a-b},\frac{a}{b-c},\frac{b}{c-a}\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x},\frac{1}{y},\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\)
Mặt khác:\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}\)
\(=\frac{c\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}=\frac{c\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=\frac{2c^2}{ab}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}\left(2\right)\)
\(=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^2}{ac}\left(3\right)\)
Từ ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2c^2}{ab}+\frac{2a^2}{bc}+\frac{2b^2}{ac}=3+\frac{2}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Ta có:\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Khi đó:\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2}{abc}\cdot3abc=9\)
câu 1 là :từ a/x + b/y + c/z =0 suy ra (ayz+bxz+cxy)/xyz =0 suy ra ayz+bxz+cxy=0 (1)
vì x/a + y/b + z/c =1 (gt) suy ra (x/a + y/b + z/c )^2 = 1^2 . suy ra x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 + z^2/c^2 + 2(xy/ab + yz/bc + xz/ac) =1
suy ra x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 + z^2/c^2 + 2[(ayz+bxz+cxy)/abc = 1 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 + z^2/c^2 =1 (đpcm)
ĐK: x;y;z\(\ne0\)
a + b + c = => (a + b + c)2 = 1
=> a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) = 1
Theo đề bài lại có: a2 + b2 + c2 = 1
Do đó 2(ab + bc + ca) = 0
<=> ab + bc + ca = 0
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{x^2}=\frac{ab}{xy}=\frac{bc}{yz}=\frac{ac}{xz}\) (*)
+ Nếu xy + yz + xz = 0, ta có đpcm
+ Nếu \(xy+yz+xz\ne0\)
Áp dụng t/c của dãy tỉ số = nhau ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{x^2}=\frac{ab}{xy}=\frac{bc}{yz}=\frac{ca}{xz}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{xy+yz+xz}=0\)\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=0\)
=> a + b + c = 0, mâu thuẫn với đề
Vậy ta có đcpm
Bài 1:
a) Từ đkđb:
$x+y+z=0\Rightarrow x+y=-z; y+z=-x; z+x=-y$
$\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=0\Rightarrow xbc+yac+zab=0$
$a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a=-(b+c)\Rightarrow a^2=(b+c)^2$
$\Rightarrow a^2x=(b+c)^2x$.
Tương tự: $b^2y=(a+c)^2y; c^2z=(a+b)^2z$
Do đó:
$a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=(b+c)^2x+(a+c)^2y+(a+b)^2z=a^2(y+z)+b^2(z+x)+c^2(x+y)+2(xbc+yac+zab)$
$=a^2(-x)+b^2(-y)+c^2(-z)+2.0=-(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z)$
$\Rightarrow 2(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$
$\Rightarrow a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$ (đpcm)
b)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x=by+cz\\ y=ax+cz\\ z=ax+by\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{x+y+z}{2}=ax+by+cz\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} ax=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-x=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\\ by=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-y=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\\ cz=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-z=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}\\ b=\frac{x+z-y}{2y}\\ c=\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a+1=\frac{y+z+x}{2x}\\ b+1=\frac{x+z+y}{2y}\\ c+1=\frac{x+y+z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}=\frac{2x}{x+y+z}+\frac{2y}{x+y+z}+\frac{2z}{x+y+z}=2\) (đpcm)
Bài 2:
Đặt $\frac{a_2}{a_1}=x; \frac{b_2}{b_1}=y; \frac{c_2}{c_1}=z$
Khi đó bài toán trở thành: Cho $x,y,z\neq 0$ thỏa mãn \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
CMR: $x^2+y^2+z^2=1$
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Thật vậy:
Ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} xy+yz+xz=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó: $x^2+y^2+z^2=(x+y+z)^2-2(xy+yz+xz)=1^2-2.0=1$ (đpcm)
Vậy........
Ta có: \(A+B=\frac{x-y}{1+xy}+\frac{y-z}{1+yz}=\frac{\left(x-z\right)\left(y^2+1\right)}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+yz\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A+B+C=\frac{\left(x-z\right)\left(y^2+1\right)}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+yz\right)}+\frac{z-x}{1+zx}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+yz\right)\left(1+zx\right)}\left(1\right)\)
Từ: \(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow A+B+C=ABC\left(đpcm\right)\)
Lời giải:
Từ đề bài suy ra:
\(xy=\frac{(a+b)(b+c)}{(a-b)(b-c)}=\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c-a)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}=\frac{(ab+bc+ac+b^2)(c-a)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}\)
\(yz=\frac{(b+c)(c+a)(a-b)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}=\frac{(ab+bc+ac+c^2)(a-b)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}\)
\(xz=\frac{(a+b)(c+a)(b-c)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}=\frac{(a^2+ab+bc+ac)(b-c)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(xy+yz+xz=\frac{(ab+bc+ac)[(c-a)+(a-b)+(b-c)]+b^2(c-a)+c^2(a-b)+a^2(b-c)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}\)
\(=\frac{b^2(c-a)+c^2(a-b)+a^2(b-c)}{-a^2b-b^2c-c^2a+ab^2+bc^2+ca^2}=\frac{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a-ab^2-bc^2-ca^2}{-(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a-ab^2-bc^2-ca^2)}=-1\) (đpcm)