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\(\left(7a+3b\right)⋮23\Leftrightarrow17\left(7a+3b\right)⋮23\)(vì \(\left(17,23\right)=1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(119a+51b\right)⋮23\Leftrightarrow\left(119a-5.23a+51-2.23b\right)⋮23\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4a+5b\right)⋮23\)
Do ta biến đổi tương đương nên điều ngược lại cũng đúng.
\(S=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{1998}\)
\(=\left(3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4\right)+...+\left(3^{1997}+3^{1998}\right)\)
\(=3\left(1+3\right)+3^3\left(1+3\right)+...+3^{1997}\left(1+3\right)\)
\(=4\left(3+3^3+...+3^{1997}\right)⋮2\)
\(S=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{1998}\)
\(=\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)+\left(3^4+3^5+3^6\right)+...+\left(3^{1996}+3^{1997}+3^{1998}\right)\)
\(=3\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^4\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{1996}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\)
\(=13\left(3+3^4+...+3^{1996}\right)⋮13\).
Mà \(\left(2,13\right)=1\)nên \(S\)chia hết cho \(2.13=26\).
ta có: S = 3 + 3^2 + 3^3 + ...+3^1997 + 3^1998
S = (3 + 3^2 + 3^3) + (3^4+3^5+3^6) + ...+ ( 3^1996 + 3^1997 + 3^1998)
S = 3.(1+3+3^2) + 3^4.(1+3+3^2) + ...+ 3^1996.(1+3+3^2)
S = 3.13 + 3^4.13 + ...+ 3^1996.13
S = 13.(3 + 3^4 + 3^1996) chia hết cho 13 (1)
ta có: S = 3 + 3^2 + 3^3+...+3^1997+3^1998
S = (3+3^2) + (3^3+3^4) +...+(3^1997+3^1998)
S = 3.(1+3) + 3^3.(1+3)+...+3^1997.(1+3)
S = 3.4 +3^3.4 +...+3^1997.4
S = 4.(3+3^3 + ...+ 3^1997) chia hết cho 4
=> S chia hết cho 2 (2)
Từ (1);(2) => S chia hết cho 13.2 = 26
=> S chia hết cho 26
Ta có : S = 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 31997 + 31998 .
=> S = ( 3 + 32 ) + ( 33 + 34 ) + ... + ( 31997 + 31998 ) .
=> S = 12 . ( 1 + 32 + 34 + ... + 31996 ) ⋮ 2 .
và S = 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 31997 + 31998 .
=> S = ( 3 + 32 + 33 ) + ( 34 + 35 + 36 ) + ... + ( 31996 + 31997 + 31998 ) .
=> S = 39 . ( 1 + ... + 31995 ) ⋮ 13 .
Vì 16 = 13 . 2 và ( 2 , 13 ) = 1 nên S ⋮ 26 .
Vậy S ⋮ 26
Bài 1 : \(A=1+3+3^2+...+3^{31}\)
a. \(A=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^9.\left(1.3.3^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=13+3^9.13\)
\(\Rightarrow A=13.\left(1+...+3^9\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A⋮13\)
b. \(A=\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+3^8.\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=40+...+3^8.40\)
\(\Rightarrow A=40.\left(1+...+3^8\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A⋮40\)
Bài 2:
Ta có: \(C=3+3^2+3^4+...+3^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=(3+3^2+3^3+3^4)+...+(3^{97}+3^{98}+3^{99}+3^{100})\)
\(\Rightarrow3.(1+3+3^2+3^3)+...+3^{97}.(1+3+3^2+3^3)\)
\(\Rightarrow3.40+...+3^{97}.40\)
Vì tất cả các số hạng của biểu thức C đều chia hết cho 40
\(\Rightarrow C⋮40\)
Vậy \(C⋮40\)
Đặt A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)
A=\(\dfrac{1}{2.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.3}+\dfrac{1}{4.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{100.100}\)
Ta thấy :
\(\dfrac{1}{2.2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3.3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};\dfrac{1}{4.4}< \dfrac{1}{3.4};...;\)
\(\dfrac{1}{100.100}< \dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
Nhân xét :
\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}=1-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2.3}=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3};\dfrac{1}{3.4}=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4};\)
\(...;\dfrac{1}{99.100}=\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\)
\(\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{99}{100}\)
Vì \(A< \dfrac{99}{100}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1\)
Bài 1)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+.....+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)
Ta thấy:
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}=\dfrac{1}{2.2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3^2}=\dfrac{1}{3.3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};\dfrac{1}{4^2}=\dfrac{1}{4.4}< \dfrac{1}{3.4};....;\dfrac{1}{100^2}=\dfrac{1}{100.100}< \dfrac{1}{99.100}\)\(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+.....+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+....+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) A < \(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+......+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) A < \(1-\dfrac{1}{100}\) < 1 \(\Rightarrow\) A < 1
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+.....+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)< 1