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a) 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Al2O3 + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
nH2 = 0,15mol => nAl=0,1mol => mAl=2,7g; mAl2O3 = 10,2g => nAl2O3 = 0,1mol
=>%mAl=20,93% =>%mAl2O3 = 79,07%
b) nHCl = 0,1.3+0,1.6=0,9 mol=>mHCl(dd)=100g
mddY=12,9+100-0,15.2=112,6g
mAlCl3=22,5g=>C%=19,98%
Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=160.98\%=156,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{156,8}{98}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_S=\dfrac{9,6}{32}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(4H_2SO_4+6e\rightarrow3SO_4^{2-}+S+4H_2O\)
1,2_______________0,9___0,3 (mol)
\(2H_2SO_4+2e\rightarrow SO_4^{2-}+SO_2+2H_2O\)
0,4______________0,2_____0,2 (mol)
⇒ m muối = mA + mSO42- = 26,92 + (0,9 + 0,2).96 = 132,52 (g)
\(m_O=\dfrac{15.12,8}{100}=1,92\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_O=\dfrac{1,92}{16}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2O}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn H: nHCl = 0,12.2 + 0,15.2 = 0,54 (mol)
=> nCl = 0,54 (mol)
mmuối = mhh rắn - mO + mCl
= 15 - 1,92 + 0,54.35,5 = 32,25 (g)
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pứ = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)
\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)
\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)
\(\text{Ta có PTHH}\\2Al+6HCl \rightarrow 2AlCl_3+3H_2 \uparrow\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2(mol)\\\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}=0,6(mol)\\\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=n/V=\dfrac{0,6}{0,15}=4(M)\\\text{ Câu hỏi 1 : B}\\\Rightarrow n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2(mol)\\\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3} = 0,2.133,5=26,7(gam)\\\text{ Câu hỏi 2 : A}\\\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=3/2n_{Al}=0,3(mol)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}(đktc)=0,3.22,4=6,72(lít)\\\text{ Câu hỏi 3 : C} \)
\(n_{H2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al\left(SO4\right)3}=0,235\left(mol\right)\rightarrow\Sigma n_{H2SO4}=2n_{Al\left(SO4\right)3}=0,705\left(mol\right)\)
\(H_2SO_4\rightarrow H_2\)
0,15_____0,15
\(H_2SO_4\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,555____0,555
Áp dụng ĐL bảo toàn KL:
\(m=m_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}+m_{H2}+m_{H2O}-m_{H2SO4}\)
\(=21,57\left(g\right)\)
làm cụ thể ra cái dạng đặt ẩn nha