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a) Áp dụng công thức: \(\log_ab.\log_bc=\log_ac\)
b) Vì \(\dfrac{1}{\log_{a^k}b}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{k}\log_ab}=\dfrac{k}{\log_ab}\) nên biểu thức vế trái bằng:
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{\log_ab}\left(1+2+...+n\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\log_ab}.\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}=VP\)
Câu 1:
\(2f\left(x\right)+3f\left(\frac{2}{3x}\right)=5x\) (1)
Đặt \(t=\frac{2}{3x}\Rightarrow x=\frac{2}{3t}\)
\(\Rightarrow2f\left(\frac{2}{3t}\right)+3f\left(t\right)=5.\frac{2}{3t}\Leftrightarrow2f\left(\frac{2}{3t}\right)+3f\left(t\right)=\frac{10}{3t}\)
\(\Rightarrow2f\left(\frac{2}{3x}\right)+3f\left(x\right)=\frac{10}{3x}\Leftrightarrow3f\left(\frac{2}{3x}\right)+\frac{9}{2}f\left(x\right)=\frac{5}{x}\) (2)
Trừ vế cho vế của (2) cho (1):
\(\frac{5}{2}f\left(x\right)=\frac{5}{x}-5x\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\frac{2}{x}-2x\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_{\frac{2}{3}}\frac{f\left(x\right)}{x}dx=\int\limits^1_{\frac{2}{3}}\left(\frac{2}{x^2}-2\right)dx=\left(-\frac{2}{x}-2x\right)|^1_{\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Câu 2:
\(3f\left(x\right)-4f\left(2-x\right)=-x^2-12x+16\) (1)
Đặt \(2-x=t\Rightarrow x=2-t\)
\(\Rightarrow3f\left(2-t\right)-4f\left(t\right)=-\left(2-t\right)^2-12\left(2-t\right)+16\)
\(\Rightarrow3f\left(2-t\right)-4f\left(t\right)=-t^2+16t-12\)
\(\Rightarrow3f\left(2-x\right)-4f\left(x\right)=-x^2+16x-12\)
\(\Rightarrow4f\left(2-x\right)-\frac{16}{3}f\left(x\right)=-\frac{4}{3}x^2+\frac{64}{3}x-16\) (2)
Cộng (1) và (2):
\(-\frac{7}{3}f\left(x\right)=-\frac{14}{3}x^2+\frac{28}{3}x\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=2x^2-4x\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_0f\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_0\left(2x^2-4x\right)dx=-\frac{8}{3}\)
Câu 1:
\(\int\frac{sinx}{sinx+cosx}dx=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{sinx+cosx+sinx-cosx}{sinx+cosx}dx=\frac{1}{2}\int dx-\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{cosx-sinx}{sinx+cosx}dx\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}x-\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{d\left(sinx+cosx\right)}{sinx+cosx}=\frac{1}{2}x-\frac{1}{2}ln\left|sinx+cosx\right|+C\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{1}{2}\\b=-\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\int cos^2xdx=\int\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}cos2x\right)dx=\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{4}sin2x+C\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=\frac{1}{2}\\d=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow I=5\)
Câu 2:
\(I=\int\left(sin\left(lnx\right)-cos\left(lnx\right)\right)dx=\int sin\left(lnx\right)dx-\int cos\left(lnx\right)dx=I_1-I_2\)
Xét \(I_2=\int cos\left(lnx\right)dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=cos\left(lnx\right)\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=-\frac{1}{x}sin\left(lnx\right)dx\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_2=x.cos\left(lnx\right)+\int sin\left(lnx\right)dx=x.cos\left(lnx\right)+I_1\)
\(\Rightarrow I=I_1-\left(x.cos\left(lnx\right)+I_1\right)=-x.cos\left(lnx\right)+C\)
b/ \(I=\int\limits sin\left(lnx\right)dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=sin\left(lnx\right)\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{1}{x}cos\left(lnx\right)dx\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=x.sin\left(lnx\right)-\int cos\left(lnx\right)dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=cos\left(lnx\right)\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=-\frac{1}{x}sin\left(lnx\right)dx\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=x\left[sin\left(lnx\right)-cos\left(lnx\right)\right]-I\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\frac{1}{2}x\left[sin\left(lnx\right)-cos\left(lnx\right)\right]|^{e^{\pi}}_1=\frac{1}{2}\left(e^{\pi}+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=2;b=\pi;c=1\)
10.
\(\left(2x-3yi\right)+\left(1-3i\right)=x+6i\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)+\left(-3y-3\right)i=x+6i\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=x\\-3y-3=6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
6.
\(\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\le25\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|\left(x+1\right)-\left(y-2\right)i\right|\le5\)
\(\Rightarrow z\) là số phức: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z=\left(x+1\right)-\left(y-2\right)i\\\left|z\right|\le5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lưu ý: hình tròn khác đường tròn. Phương trình đường tròn là \(\left(x-a\right)^2+\left(y-b\right)^2=R^2\)
Pt hình tròn là: \(\left(x-a\right)^2+\left(y-b\right)^2\le R^2\)
3.
\(z=x+yi\Rightarrow\left|x-2+\left(y-4\right)i\right|=\left|x+\left(y-2\right)i\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2=x^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4x-8y+20=-4y+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-y+4\)
\(\left|z\right|=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}=\sqrt{\left(-y+4\right)^2+y^2}=\sqrt{2y^2-8y+16}\)
\(\left|z\right|=\sqrt{2\left(x-2\right)^2+8}\ge\sqrt{8}=2\sqrt{2}\)
17.
\(z^2+4z+4=-1\Leftrightarrow\left(z+2\right)^2=i^2\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z_1=-2+i\\z_2=-2-i\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow w=\left(-1+i\right)^{100}+\left(-1-i\right)^{100}=\left(1-i\right)^{100}+\left(1+i\right)^{100}\)
Ta có: \(\left(1-i\right)^2=1+i^2-2i=-2i\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1-i\right)^{100}=\left(1-i\right)^2.\left(1-i\right)^2...\left(1-i\right)^2\) (50 nhân tử)
\(=\left(-2i\right).\left(-2i\right)...\left(-2i\right)=\left(-2\right)^{50}.i^{50}=2^{50}.\left(i^2\right)^{25}=-2^{50}\)
Tượng tự: \(\left(1+i\right)^2=1+i^2+2i=2i\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+i\right)^{100}=2i.2i...2i=2^{50}.i^{50}=-2^{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow w=-2^{50}-2^{50}=-2^{51}\)
18.
\(z'=\left(\frac{1+i}{2}\right)\left(3-4i\right)=\frac{7}{2}-\frac{1}{2}i\)
\(\Rightarrow M\left(3;-4\right)\) ; \(M'\left(\frac{7}{2};-\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(S_{OMM'}=\frac{1}{2}\left|\left(x_M-x_O\right)\left(y_{M'}-y_O\right)-\left(x_{M'}-x_O\right)\left(y_M-y_O\right)\right|\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left|3.\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)-\frac{7}{2}.\left(-4\right)\right|=\frac{25}{4}\)
14.
\(d\left(I;\left(P\right)\right)=\frac{\left|1-2.2+2-8\right|}{\sqrt{1^2+\left(-2\right)^2+\left(-2\right)^2}}=3\)
Áp dụng định lý Pitago:
\(R=\sqrt{4^2+d^2\left(I;\left(P\right)\right)}=\sqrt{4^2+3^2}=5\)
Phương trình mặt cầu:
\(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+\left(z+1\right)^2=25\)
15.
\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(2;1;-2\right)\) ; \(\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-12;6;0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\overrightarrow{AB};\overrightarrow{AC}\right]=\left(12;24;24\right)=12\left(1;2;2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Mặt phẳng (ABC) nhận \(\left(1;2;2\right)\) là 1 vtpt
18.
\(D\in Ox\Rightarrow D\left(a;0;0\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AD}=\left(a-3;4;0\right)\\\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(4;0;-3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(AD=BC\Leftrightarrow\left(a-3\right)^2+4^2=4^2+\left(-3\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-3\right)^2=9\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\a=6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}D\left(0;0;0\right)\\D\left(6;0;0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
11.
Mặt cầu (S) tâm \(I\left(1;-2;0\right)\) bán kính \(R=\sqrt{1^2+\left(-2\right)^2-\left(-4\right)}=3\)
\(d\left(I;\left(P\right)\right)=\frac{\left|1-2-0+4\right|}{\sqrt{1^2+1^2+\left(-1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{3}\)
Gọi bán kính đường tròn (C) là \(r\)
Áp dụng định lý Pitago:
\(r=\sqrt{R^2-d^2\left(I;\left(P\right)\right)}=\sqrt{6}\)
Diện tích đường tròn: \(S=\pi r^2=6\pi\)