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Câu 1:
\(2f\left(x\right)+3f\left(\frac{2}{3x}\right)=5x\) (1)
Đặt \(t=\frac{2}{3x}\Rightarrow x=\frac{2}{3t}\)
\(\Rightarrow2f\left(\frac{2}{3t}\right)+3f\left(t\right)=5.\frac{2}{3t}\Leftrightarrow2f\left(\frac{2}{3t}\right)+3f\left(t\right)=\frac{10}{3t}\)
\(\Rightarrow2f\left(\frac{2}{3x}\right)+3f\left(x\right)=\frac{10}{3x}\Leftrightarrow3f\left(\frac{2}{3x}\right)+\frac{9}{2}f\left(x\right)=\frac{5}{x}\) (2)
Trừ vế cho vế của (2) cho (1):
\(\frac{5}{2}f\left(x\right)=\frac{5}{x}-5x\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\frac{2}{x}-2x\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_{\frac{2}{3}}\frac{f\left(x\right)}{x}dx=\int\limits^1_{\frac{2}{3}}\left(\frac{2}{x^2}-2\right)dx=\left(-\frac{2}{x}-2x\right)|^1_{\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Câu 2:
\(3f\left(x\right)-4f\left(2-x\right)=-x^2-12x+16\) (1)
Đặt \(2-x=t\Rightarrow x=2-t\)
\(\Rightarrow3f\left(2-t\right)-4f\left(t\right)=-\left(2-t\right)^2-12\left(2-t\right)+16\)
\(\Rightarrow3f\left(2-t\right)-4f\left(t\right)=-t^2+16t-12\)
\(\Rightarrow3f\left(2-x\right)-4f\left(x\right)=-x^2+16x-12\)
\(\Rightarrow4f\left(2-x\right)-\frac{16}{3}f\left(x\right)=-\frac{4}{3}x^2+\frac{64}{3}x-16\) (2)
Cộng (1) và (2):
\(-\frac{7}{3}f\left(x\right)=-\frac{14}{3}x^2+\frac{28}{3}x\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=2x^2-4x\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_0f\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_0\left(2x^2-4x\right)dx=-\frac{8}{3}\)
Câu 1:
\(\int\limits^3_0\left(f'\left(x\right)+1\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx=\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx+\int\limits^3_0\sqrt{x+1}dx\)
\(=\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx+\frac{14}{3}=\frac{302}{15}\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx=\frac{232}{15}\)
Ta có:
\(I=\int\limits^3_0\frac{f\left(x\right)dx}{\sqrt{x+1}}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x+1}}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=2\sqrt{x+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=2f\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}|^3_0-2\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx\)
\(=4f\left(3\right)-2f\left(0\right)-2.\frac{232}{15}\)
\(=2\left(2f\left(3\right)-f\left(0\right)\right)-\frac{464}{15}=36-\frac{464}{15}=\frac{76}{15}\)
Câu 2:
\(I_1=\int\limits^3_1\frac{xf'\left(x\right)}{x+1}dx=0\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\frac{x}{x+1}\\dv=f'\left(x\right)dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\\v=f\left(x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_1=\frac{xf\left(x\right)}{x+1}|^3_1-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=\frac{3.3}{3+1}-\frac{1.3}{1+1}-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}\)
Ta có:
\(I=\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)+lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx+\int\limits^3_1\frac{lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}+I_2\)
Xét \(I_2=\int\limits^3_1\frac{lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\Rightarrow\) đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{dx}{x}\\v=\frac{-1}{x+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_2=\frac{-lnx}{x+1}|^3_1+\int\limits^3_1\frac{dx}{x\left(x+1\right)}=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+\int\limits^1_0\left(\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}\right)dx\)
\(=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+ln\left(\frac{x}{x+1}\right)|^3_1=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+ln\frac{3}{4}-ln\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{4}ln3-ln2\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{3}{4}ln3-ln2\)
1/ \(I=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x+1}dx=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^2+x+1}=ln\left|x^2+x+1\right||^1_0=ln3\)
2/ \(\int\limits^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0\dfrac{5x}{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}dx=-\dfrac{5}{2}\int\limits^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0\dfrac{d\left(1-x^2\right)}{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}=\dfrac{5}{4}\dfrac{1}{\left(1-x^2\right)^2}|^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0=\dfrac{35}{36}\)
3/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)^3}dx\Rightarrow\) đặt \(x+1=t\Rightarrow x=t-1\Rightarrow dx=dt;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=1\\x=1\Rightarrow t=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(I=\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{2\left(t-1\right)dt}{t^3}=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{2}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t^3}\right)dt=\left(\dfrac{-2}{t}+\dfrac{1}{t^2}\right)|^2_1=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
4/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{4x-2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}dx\)
Kĩ thuật chung là tách và sử dụng hệ số bất định như sau:
\(\dfrac{4x-2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{ax+b}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{x+2}=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)x^2+\left(2a+b\right)x+2b+c}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c=0\\2a+b=4\\2b+c=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=0\\a=-c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^1_0\left(\dfrac{2x}{x^2+1}-\dfrac{2}{x+2}\right)dx=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x^2+1\right)}{x^2+1}-2\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x+2\right)}{x+2}=ln\dfrac{8}{9}\)
5/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{x^2dx}{x^6-9}\Rightarrow\) đặt \(x^3=t\Rightarrow3x^2dx=dt\Rightarrow x^2dx=\dfrac{1}{3}dt;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=0\\x=1\Rightarrow t=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(I=\dfrac{1}{3}\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{dt}{t^2-9}=\dfrac{1}{18}\int\limits^1_0\left(\dfrac{1}{t-3}-\dfrac{1}{t+3}\right)dt=\dfrac{1}{18}ln\left|\dfrac{t-3}{t+3}\right||^1_0=-\dfrac{1}{18}ln2\)
6/ Tương tự câu 4, sử dụng hệ số bất định ta tách được:
\(\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{2x-1}{x^2\left(x+1\right)}dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{3x-1}{x^2}-\dfrac{3}{x+1}\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{3}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x^2}-\dfrac{3}{x+1}\right)dx\)
\(=\left(3ln\left|\dfrac{x}{x+1}\right|+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)|^2_1=3ln\dfrac{4}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
1/ \(\int\limits^e_1\left(x+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)dx=\left(\frac{x^2}{2}+lnx-\frac{1}{x}\right)|^e_1=\frac{e^2}{2}-\frac{1}{e}+\frac{3}{2}\)
2/ \(\int\limits^2_1\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(x\sqrt{x}+1\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(x^{\frac{3}{2}}+1\right)dx\)
\(=\left(\frac{2}{5}.x^{\frac{5}{2}}+x\right)|^2_1=\frac{8\sqrt{2}-7}{5}\)
3/
\(\int\limits^2_1\frac{2x^3-4x+5}{x}dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(2x^2-4+\frac{5}{x}\right)dx=\left(\frac{2}{3}x^3-4x+5lnx\right)|^2_1=\frac{2}{3}+5ln2\)
4/ \(\int\limits^2_1x^2\left(3x-1\right)\frac{2}{x}dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(6x^2-2x\right)dx=\left(2x^3-x^2\right)|^2_1=11\)
Tham khảo:
Giả sử hàm số f(x) là hàm số chẵn trên đoạn [-a; a], ta có:
Đổi biến x = - t đối với tích phân
Ta được:
Vậy
Trường hợp sau chứng minh tương tự. Áp dụng:
Vì 
là hàm số lẻ trên đoạn [-2; 2] nên
Từ GT ta lấy tích phân 2 vế cận từ 0 đến 1 ; sẽ được :
\(\int\limits^1_0f\left(x+1\right)dx+\int\limits^1_03f\left(3x+2\right)dx-\int\limits^1_04f\left(4x+1\right)dx-\int\limits^1_0f\left(2^x\right)dx=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{3dx}{\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+2}}\left(1\right)\)
\(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{3dx}{\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+2}}=\int\limits^1_03\left(\sqrt{x+2}-\sqrt{x+1}\right)dx\) =
\(2\left[\left(x+2\right)\sqrt{x+2}-\left(x+1\right)\sqrt{x+1}\right]\dfrac{1}{0}\) = \(2+6\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{2}\left(2\right)\)
Dễ thấy : \(\int\limits^1_0f\left(x+1\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1f\left(t\right)dt=\int\limits^2_1f\left(x\right)dx\)
\(\int\limits^1_03f\left(3x+2\right)dx=\int\limits^5_2f\left(t\right)dt=\int\limits^5_2f\left(x\right)dx\) (3)
\(\int\limits^1_04f\left(4x+1\right)=\int\limits^5_1f\left(t\right)dt=\int\limits^5_1f\left(x\right)dx\left(4\right)\)
\(\int\limits^1_0f\left(2^x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(t\right)dt}{tln2}=\dfrac{1}{ln2}.\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(t\right)dt}{t}=\dfrac{1}{ln2}.\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(x\right)dx}{x}\) (5)
Thay (2) ; (3) ; (4) ; (5) vào (1) ta được :
\(\int\limits^2_1f\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^5_2f\left(x\right)dx-\int\limits^5_1f\left(x\right)dx-\dfrac{1}{ln2}.\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(x\right)dx}{x}=2+6\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(x\right)dx}{x}=\left(2+6\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{2}\right)ln2\)