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Do \(1\le x\le2\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2\le3x\)
Tương tự \(y^2+2\le3y\)
Do đó:
\(P=\frac{x+2y}{x^2+2+3y+3}+\frac{2x+y}{y^2+2+3x+3}+\frac{1}{4\left(x+y-1\right)}\ge\frac{x+2y}{3x+3y+3}+\frac{2x+y}{3x+3y+3}+\frac{1}{4\left(x+y-1\right)}\)
\(P\ge\frac{3x+3y}{3x+3y+3}+\frac{1}{4\left(x+y-1\right)}=\frac{x+y}{x+y+1}+\frac{1}{4\left(x+y-1\right)}\)
Đặt \(x+y=t\Rightarrow2\le t\le4\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{t}{t+1}+\frac{1}{4t-4}=\frac{t}{t+1}+\frac{1}{4t-4}-\frac{7}{8}+\frac{7}{8}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(t-3\right)^2}{8\left(t^2-1\right)}+\frac{7}{8}\ge\frac{7}{8}\)
\(P_{min}=\frac{7}{8}\) khi \(t=3\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right);\left(2;1\right)\)
Lời giải:
Thực hiện khai triển và rút gọn ta có:
$A=3x^2y^2+2x^4+2y^4-(x^2+y^2)=\frac{3}{2}(x^2+y^2)^2+\frac{x^4+y^4}{2}-(x^2+y^2)$
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(x^4+y^4\geq 2\sqrt{x^4y^4}=2x^2y^2\)
\(\Rightarrow 2(x^4+y^4)\geq x^4+y^4+2x^2y^2=(x^2+y^2)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^4+y^4\geq \frac{(x^2+y^2)^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\geq \frac{3}{2}(x^2+y^2)^2+\frac{(x^2+y^2)^2}{4}-(x^2+y^2)\)
Đặt $x^2+y^2=t$
Ta có: $t=x^2+y^2=\frac{1}{2}(x+y)^2+\frac{1}{2}(x-y)^2\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{2}\geq \frac{1}{2}$ do $x+y\geq 1$
Do đó: \(A\geq \frac{3}{2}t^2+\frac{t^2}{4}-t=\frac{7}{4}t^2-t=(t-\frac{1}{2})(\frac{7}{4}t-\frac{1}{8})-\frac{1}{16}\geq \frac{-1}{16}\) với mọi $t\geq \frac{1}{2}$
Vậy $A_{\min}=\frac{-1}{16}$
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=\frac{1}{2}$
\(P=\sqrt{6\left(x+y\right)+9}+\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{51-6\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(P\le\sqrt{\left(1+2\right)\left[6\left(x+y\right)+9+51-6\left(x+y\right)\right]}=6\sqrt{5}\)
\(P_{max}=6\sqrt{5}\) khi \(x+y=\frac{11}{6}\)
\(x^2+y^2-2x-4y-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-9=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2=9=0^2+3^2=0^2+\left(-3\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y-2=3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=3\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y-2=-3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=-3\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow-2\le x\le4\left(y\in R\right)\)
Ta có \(S=3x+4y\)
Mà \(x\ge-2;y\ge-1\Leftrightarrow S\ge3\cdot\left(-2\right)+4\cdot\left(-1\right)=-6-4=-10\)
Vậy GTNN của S là \(-10\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
ĐKĐB $\Leftrightarrow (x^2-2x+1)+(y^2-4y+4)-9=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-1)^2+(y-2)^2-9=0$
$\Rightarrow (x-1)^2=9-(y-2)^2\leq 9$
$\Rightarrow -3\leq x-1\leq 3$
$\Leftrightarrow -2\leq x\leq 4$
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Đặt $x-1=a; y-2=b$ thì bài toán trở thành:
Cho $a,b$ thực thỏa mãn $a^2+b^2=9$
Tìm min $S=3a+4b+11$
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(3a+4b)^2\leq (a^2+b^2)(3^2+4^2)=9.25$
$\Rightarrow -15\leq 3a+4b\leq 15$
$\Rightarrow 3a+4b\geq -15$
$\Rightarrow S=3a+4b+11\geq -4$
Vậy $S_{\min}=-4$ khi $x=\frac{-4}{5}; y=\frac{-1}{5}$