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1.1. Al + NaOH + H2O ==> NaAlO2 + 3/2H2
nH2(1)=3,36/22,4=0.15(mol)
=> nAl(1)= nH2(1):3/2= 0.15:3/2= 0.1(mol)
2.Mg + 2HCl ==> MgCl2 + H2
3.2Al + 6HCl ==> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
4.Fe + 2HCl ==> FeCl2 + H2
=> \(n_{H_2\left(2,3,4\right)}=\) 10.08/22.4= 0.45(mol)
=> nH2(3)=0.1*3/2=0.15(mol)
MgCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
AlCl3 + 3NaOH ==> Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
FeCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
Bài 1:
\(n_{NaOH}=0,25.2=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=0,25x\left(mol\right)\\ 3NaOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\left(1\right)\\ Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\left(dư\right)\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\left(2\right)\\ n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(còn\right)}=\dfrac{7,8}{78}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\Đặt:n_{NaOH\left(1\right)}=a\left(mol\right);n_{NaOH\left(2\right)}=b\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,5\\b-\dfrac{1}{3}a=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,3\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,3}{3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C_{MddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,25}=0,4\left(M\right)\)
Bài 2:
\(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{133,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ 3NaOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3NaCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\left(1\right)\\ Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\left(2\right)\\ n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(còn\right)}=\dfrac{11,7}{117}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{NaOH\left(1\right)}=a\left(mol\right);n_{NaOH\left(2\right)}=b\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{3}a=0,2\\\dfrac{1}{3}a-b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,6\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow V=V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,6+0,1}{1}=0,7\left(l\right)\)
\(Fe_3O_4+8HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+2FeCl_3+4H_2O\)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(4Fe\left(OH\right)_2+O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Fe_2O_3+4H_2O\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}CuO+H_2O\)
\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=n_{CuO}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=232a+80a=15.6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0.05\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{3n_{Fe_3O_4}}{2}=\dfrac{3\cdot0.05}{2}=0.075\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=8\cdot0.05+2\cdot0.05=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.5}{2}=0.25\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{cr}=m_{Fe_2O_3}+m_{CuO}=0.075\cdot160+0.05\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\)
B1:
Cho dd NaOH vào hỗn hợp thì dd NaOH sẽ phản ứng với HCl trước sau đó mới phản ứng với muối AlCl3
Để kết tủa là cực đại <=> Không có quá trình hoà tan Al(OH)3
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\\ AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ n_{NaOH}=n_{HCl}+3.n_{AlCl_3}=0,01+0,02.3=0,07\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{C_{MddNaOH}}=\dfrac{0,07}{0,1}=0,7\left(lít\right)\)
2)
\(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,0001.V\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,5.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(3Ba\left(OH\right)_2+Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow3BaSO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,0003.V<--0,0001.V------>0,0003.V-->0,0002.V
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba\left(AlO_2\right)_2+4H_2O\)
(0,1-0,0006.V)<-(0,05-0,0003.V)
=> 233.0,0003.V + 78.(0,0008.V-0,1) = 12,045
=> V = 150 (ml)
3) \(n_{K_2SO_4.Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3.24H_2O}=\dfrac{47,4}{948}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(3Ba\left(OH\right)_2+Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow3BaSO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,15<-------0,05----------->0,15----->0,1
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+K_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2KOH\)
0,05---------------------->0,05--->0,1
\(KOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow KAlO_2+2H_2O\)
0,1--->0,1
=> mkt = mBaSO4 = 0,2.233 = 46,6(g)