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Gọi \(M\left(0;m\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AM}=\left(-1;m+1\right)\\\overrightarrow{BM}=\left(-3;m-2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(T=AM^2+BM^2=1+\left(m+1\right)^2+9+\left(m-2\right)^2\)
\(=10+m^2+2m+1+m^2-4m+4\)
\(=2m^2-2m+15=2\left(m-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{29}{2}\ge\frac{29}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(m=\frac{1}{2}\) hay \(M\left(0;\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
Do \(M\in d\Rightarrow M\left(a;2a+3\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=\left(-6-a;-2a\right)\\\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(-a;-4-2a\right)\\\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(3-a;-1-2a\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(-3-3a;-5-6a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\sqrt{\left(3a+3\right)^2+\left(6a+5\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\sqrt{45a^2+78a+34}=\sqrt{45\left(a+\frac{13}{15}\right)^2+\frac{1}{5}}\ge\sqrt{\frac{1}{5}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\) khi \(a=-\frac{13}{15}\Rightarrow M\left(-\frac{13}{15};\frac{19}{15}\right)\)
Gọi \(M\left(2a-7;-a\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AM}=\left(2a-8;-a-3\right)\\\overrightarrow{BM}=\left(2a-11;-a-8\right)\\\overrightarrow{CM}=\left(2a-10;-a-4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P=MA^2+3MB^2-5MC^2\)
\(=\left(2a-8\right)^2+\left(a+3\right)^2+3\left(2a-11\right)^2+3\left(a+8\right)^2-5\left(2a-10\right)^2-5\left(a+4\right)^2\)
\(=-5a^2+50a+48=-5\left(a^2-10a+25\right)+173\)
\(=-6\left(a-5\right)^2+173\le173\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=173\) khi \(a=5\Rightarrow M\left(3;-5\right)\)
Gọi \(M\left(x;0\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=\left(-1-x;4\right)\\\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(1-x;-2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(1-3x;0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=\sqrt{\left(1-3x\right)^2}\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow M\left(\frac{1}{3};0\right)\)
Gọi \(P\left(0;y\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{PA}=\left(-1;4-y\right)\\\overrightarrow{PB}=\left(1;-2-y\right)\\\overrightarrow{PC}=\left(3;4-y\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{PA}+2\overrightarrow{PB}-4\overrightarrow{PC}=\left(-11;5y-16\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{PA}+\overrightarrow{PB}-4\overrightarrow{PC}\right|=\sqrt{11^2+\left(5y-16\right)^2}\ge11\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(5y-16=0\Rightarrow y=\frac{16}{5}\Rightarrow P\left(0;\frac{16}{5}\right)\)
Do M thuộc Oy, gọi tọa độ M có dạng \(M\left(0;m\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=\left(1;-1-m\right)\\\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(3;2-m\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow T=MA^2+MB^2=1+\left(-1-m\right)^2+9+\left(2-m\right)^2\)
\(T=2m^2-2m+15=2\left(m-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{29}{2}\ge\dfrac{29}{2}\)
\(T_{min}=\dfrac{29}{2}\) khi \(m=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow M\left(0;\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)