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Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{x};\sqrt{y};\sqrt{z}\right)\rightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=1\\a;b;c>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Và \(\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+2c^2}}+\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{b^2+c^2+2a^2}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{c^2+a^2+2b^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:\(\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+2c^2}}=\dfrac{2ab}{\sqrt{\left(1+1+2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+2c^2\right)}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{2ab}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab+bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab+ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{bc+ac}{a+b}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{\frac{xy}{xy+z}}=\sqrt{\frac{xy}{xy+z(x+y+z)}}=\sqrt{\frac{xy}{(z+x)(z+y)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{x+z}+\frac{y}{z+y}\right)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại suy ra:
\(\sum \sqrt{\frac{xy}{xy+z}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x+z}{x+z}+\frac{y+z}{y+z}+\frac{x+y}{x+y}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
Lời giải:
Đặt \((\frac{1}{x}; \frac{1}{y}; \frac{1}{z})=(a,b,c)\). Bài toán trở thành:
Cho $a,b,c>0$ thỏa mãn $a+b+c=1$. CMR:
\(\frac{\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ac}+\sqrt{c+ab}}{\sqrt{abc}}\geq \sqrt{\frac{1}{abc}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{c}}(*)\)
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Do $a+b+c=1$ nên ta có:
\(\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ac}+\sqrt{c+ab}=\sqrt{a(a+b+c)+bc}+\sqrt{b(a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(a+b+c)+ab}\)
\(=\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}+\sqrt{(b+a)(b+c)}+\sqrt{(c+a)(c+b)}\)
Mà áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}+\sqrt{(b+c)(b+a)}+\sqrt{(c+a)(c+b)}\geq \sqrt{(a+\sqrt{bc})^2}+\sqrt{(b+\sqrt{ac})^2}+\sqrt{(c+\sqrt{ab})^2}\)
\(=a+\sqrt{bc}+b+\sqrt{ac}+c+\sqrt{ab}=a+b+c+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\)
\(1+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\)
Vậy:\(\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ac}+\sqrt{c+ab}\geq 1+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ac}+\sqrt{c+ab}}{\sqrt{abc}}\geq \sqrt{\frac{1}{abc}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{c}}\)
$(*)$ được cm. BĐT hoàn thành. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$ hay $x=y=z=3$
Ta có BĐT:
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\le\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\right)+2016\le6\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)+2016\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7.\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)\le6\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)+2016\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\le2016\)
Xét \(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2x^2+y^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2y^2+z^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2z^2+x^2\right)}}\)
\(P^2=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+y^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y^2+z^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z^2+x^2}}\right)^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(P^2\le\left(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2\right)\left(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+y^2}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y^2+z^2}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z^2+x^2}}\right)^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P^2\le\frac{1}{2x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2y^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{2z^2+x^2}\)
Mặt khác ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2x^2+y^2}=\frac{1}{x^2+x^2+y^2}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2y^2+z^2}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2z^2+x^2}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)\le\frac{1}{3}.2016=672\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le4\sqrt{42}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{\frac{1}{672}}\)
Lời giải:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz=xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+xy+yz+xz=x^2+xyz=x(x+yz)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+yz=\frac{x^2+xy+yz+xz}{x}=\frac{(x+y)(x+z)}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{x+yz}=\sqrt{\frac{(x+y)(x+z)}{x}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:\((x+y)(x+z)\geq (x+\sqrt{yz})^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{x+yz}=\sqrt{\frac{(x+y)(x+z)}{x}}\geq \frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\sqrt{y+xz}\geq \frac{y+\sqrt{xz}}{\sqrt{y}}\); \(\sqrt{z+xy}\geq \frac{z+\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{z}}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT đã thu được ta có:
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{y+\sqrt{xz}}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{z+\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{z}}=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\frac{xy+yz+xz}{\sqrt{xyz}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq \sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\frac{xyz}{\sqrt{xyz}}=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{xyz}=\text{VP}\)
Do đó ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=3\)
\(\text{Cho 3 số dương x, y, z thỏa mãn }x+y+z=3\)
\(\text{Chứng minh rằng }T=\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x+yz}}+\dfrac{y}{y+\sqrt{3y+xz}}+\dfrac{z}{z+\sqrt{3z+xy}}\le1\)
➤➤➤Chứng minh:
➢ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x+yz}}=\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}}\left(\text{vì }x+y+z=3\right)=\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x\right)}}\le\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}}=\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
➢ Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{y}{y+\sqrt{3y+xz}}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
\(\dfrac{z}{z+\sqrt{3z+xy}}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
➢ Công vế theo vế 3 bất đẳng thức cùng chiều
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x+yz}}+\dfrac{y}{y+\sqrt{3y+xz}}+\dfrac{z}{z+\sqrt{3z+xy}}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}=1\)
➢ \(\text{Đẳng thức xảy ra khi }x=y=z=1\)
➤ \(Max_T=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM, Ta có
\(\sqrt{x-1}\le\dfrac{1+x-1}{2}=\dfrac{x}{2}\Rightarrow yz\sqrt{x-1}\le\dfrac{xyz}{2}\)
Mà \(xz\sqrt{y-2}\le\dfrac{xz\sqrt{2\left(y-2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}\le\dfrac{xyz}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
\(yx\sqrt{z-3}\le yx.\dfrac{3+z-3}{2\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{xyz}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy\sqrt{x-1}+xz\sqrt{y-2}+yz\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{4}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{6}\)
Có \(\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{x+y+2z}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x+y+2z}}\)\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{\left(1+1+2\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)}}\)\(\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}}\) (theo bunhia dưới mẫu)\(\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{x+y+2z}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\right)\)
Tương tự cũng có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{y+z+2x}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{x}}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{z+x+2y}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
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