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Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{abc}{abc+a^2\left(a+b+c\right)}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{ac+a^2+ab+ac}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si được
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
Thiết lập các bđt còn lại cho 2 số hạng còn lại rồi cộng vào được đpcm
ta có:
\(A^2=\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\right)^2\le\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{a}{a^2+1}+\frac{b}{b^2+1}+\frac{c}{c^2+1}\right)\) (BĐT Bu-nhi-a)
=>\(A^2\le\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{a}{a^2+1}+\frac{b}{b^2+1}+\frac{c}{c^2+1}\right)\) (*)
mặt khác ta có: \(a^2+1\ge2a\) (BĐT cauchy ) =>\(\frac{a}{a^2+1}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
tương tự ta có: \(\frac{b}{b^2+1}\le\frac{1}{2}\) ; \(\frac{c}{c^2+1}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
=> \(\frac{a}{a^2+1}+\frac{b}{b^2+1}+\frac{c}{c^2+1}\le\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (**)
từ (*),(**) => \(A^2\le\sqrt{3}.\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
=>\(A\le\sqrt{\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}}\)
=> GTLN của A là \(\sqrt{\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}}\) <=> a=b=c<\(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}}}\)
\(\le\frac{\sqrt[8]{27}a}{\sqrt{4\sqrt[4]{a^2}}}=\frac{\sqrt[8]{27a^6}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\sqrt[8]{a^6.\frac{1}{3}}\)
\(\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\frac{6a+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}}{8}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta cũng có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\frac{6b+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}}{8}\left(2\right)\\\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\frac{6c+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}}{8}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1), (2), (3)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\left(\frac{6}{8\sqrt{3}}+\frac{6}{8}\left(a+b+c\right)\right)\)
\(\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\left(\frac{3}{4\sqrt{3}}+\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Ta có:\(a^5+ab+b^2\ge3a^2b\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{3ab\left(a+2c\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3bc\left(b+2a\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3ca\left(c+2b\right)}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+2a}}+\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+2a}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{2b+c}}\right)\)
Ta cũng có:\(a+2c=a+c+c\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\sqrt{a}+2\sqrt{c}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{a}+2\sqrt{c}}+\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b}+2\sqrt{a}}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{c}+2\sqrt{b}}\)
Đặt \(x=\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{c}};y=\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}};z=\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{b}};xyz=1\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{y+2}+\frac{1}{z+2}\)
Giả sử \(xy\le1\) thì \(z\ge1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{y+2}+\frac{1}{z+2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\frac{x}{2}+1}+\frac{1}{\frac{y}{2}+1}\right)+\frac{1}{z+2}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{1\frac{\sqrt{xy}}{2}}+\frac{1}{z+2}\le1\)(Đpcm)
Dấu = khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}\)\(=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)\(=\sqrt{\frac{a}{c+a}}.\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+b}}\)\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)
Tương tự, ta có
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b+ca}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)}\)
Cộng vế theo vế của 3 bđt ta được đpcm
Ta có: \(\left(a^4-a^3+2\right)-\left(a+1\right)=\left(a-1\right)^2\left(a^2+a+1\right)\ge0\)\(\Rightarrow a^4-a^3+2\ge a+1\Leftrightarrow a^4-a^3+ab+2\ge ab+a+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^4-a^3+ab+2}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+a+1}}\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^4-b^3+bc+2}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc+b+1}}\); \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^4-c^3+ca+2}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca+c+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+a+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc+b+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca+c+1}}\)\(\le\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\right)}\)\(\le\sqrt{3\left(\frac{c}{abc+ac+c}+\frac{ac}{abc^2+abc+ac}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\right)}\)\(\le\sqrt{3\left(\frac{c}{ac+c+1}+\frac{ac}{ac+c+1}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\right)}=\sqrt{3}\)(abc = 1)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Đặt \(\sqrt{a^2-1}=x;\sqrt{b^2-1}=y;\sqrt{c^2-1}=z\)ta viết lại thành x2+y2+z2=1.Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương với
\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{z^2+1}}\right)\le\frac{9}{2}\)
Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz ta có
\(\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{y^2+1}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{z^2+1}}\le\sqrt{\Sigma\frac{3x^2}{2x^2+y^2+z^2}}\le\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}\Sigma\left(\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2}{x^2+z^2}\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\( {\displaystyle \displaystyle \sum } \)\(\frac{y+z}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}\le\sqrt{\Sigma\frac{3\left(y+z\right)^2}{2x^2+y^2+z^2}}\le\sqrt{3\Sigma\left(\frac{y^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{z^2}{x^2+z^2}\right)}=3\)
Dấu đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Ta có: \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{3}+1\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{3}}+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+1\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{3}}+1\right)^2\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+1}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{3}}+1\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+\sqrt{3}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M\le\sum\frac{2a}{a+\sqrt{3}}=\sum\frac{2a}{a+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow M\le\frac{1}{8}\sum a\left(\frac{1}{a}+3\sqrt{3}\right)=\frac{3}{8}+\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{8}\left(a+b+c\right)\le\frac{3}{8}+\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{8}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow M_{max}=\frac{3}{2}\) khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
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