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Bài 1:
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+8bc}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+8ac}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+8ab}}=\dfrac{a^2}{a\sqrt{a^2+8bc}}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\sqrt{b^2+8ac}}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\sqrt{c^2+8ab}}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy Schwarz có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\sqrt{a^2+8bc}}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\sqrt{b^2+8ac}}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\sqrt{c^2+8ab}}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a\sqrt{a^2+8bc}+b\sqrt{b^2+8bc}+c\sqrt{c^2+8bc}}\)
Lại sử dụng bđt Cauchy schwarz ta có:
\(a\sqrt{a^2+8bc}+b\sqrt{b^2+8ac}+c\sqrt{c^2+8ab}=\sqrt{a}\cdot\sqrt{a^3+8abc}+\sqrt{b}\cdot\sqrt{b^3+8abc}+\sqrt{c}\cdot\sqrt{c^3+8abc}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+8bc}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+8ac}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+8ab}}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc\right)}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc}}\)
=> Ta cần chứng minh: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3\ge a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc\)
hay \(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8abc\)
Áp dụng bđt Cosi ta có:
\(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab};b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc};c+a\ge2\sqrt{ca}\)
Nhân các vế của 3 bđt trên ta đc:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge2\sqrt{ab}\cdot2\sqrt{bc}\cdot2\sqrt{ca}=8\sqrt{a^2b^2c^2}=8abc\)
=> Đpcm
câu b là áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô -si ko cần chứng minh
a,Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương a,\(\dfrac{1}{b}\)ta có
a+\(\dfrac{1}{b}\)>=\(2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}\)
chứng minh tương tự ta có
b+\(\dfrac{1}{c}\)>=2\(\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c}}\)
c+\(\dfrac{1}{a}\)>=\(2\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a}}\)
nhân chúng vs nhau ta đc cái cần phải chứng minh
Ta chứng minh 2 bất đẳng thức phụ sau: với x, y, z dương thì:
\(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)\ge\left(1+\sqrt[3]{xyz}\right)^3\left(2\right)\)
+ Chứng minh BĐT (1), sử dụng BĐT AM - GM:
\(x^4+x^4+y^4+z^4\ge4x^2yz\)
\(y^4+y^4+x^4+z^4\ge4xy^2z\)
\(z^4+z^4+x^4+y^4\ge4xyz^2\)
Cộng dồn lại ta có: \(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
+ Chứng minh BĐT (2). Ta có:
\(\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)=1+x+y+z+xy+yz+xyz\ge1+3\sqrt[3]{xyz}+3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}+xyz=\left(1+\sqrt[3]{xyz}\right)^3\)
Bây giờ ta quay lại chứng minh BĐT ở đề.
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với BĐT sau:
\(\sqrt[4]{\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^4+\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^4+\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^4}\ge\sqrt[4]{3}+\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{243}}{2+abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^4+\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^4+\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^4\ge3\left(1+\dfrac{3}{2+abc}\right)^4\)
Sử dụng BĐT (1) ta có:
\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^4+\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^4+\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^4\ge\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(3+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Sử dụng BĐT (2) và BĐT AM - GM ta có:
\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(3+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)^3\left(3+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(3+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\left(1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc.1.1}}\right)^4\ge3\left(1+\dfrac{3}{2+abc}\right)^4\)
Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh. Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a = b = c.
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=abc\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{a+bc}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2+abc}{a}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{a}}\)
thiết lập tương tự ,bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{a}}\ge\sqrt{abc}+\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\sqrt{bc\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge abc+\sqrt{abc}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\sqrt{\left(b^2+ab\right)\left(c^2+ac\right)}\ge abc+\sum a\sqrt{bc}\)
Điều này luôn đúng theo BĐT Bunyakovsky:
\(\sum\sqrt{\left(b^2+ab\right)\left(c^2+ac\right)}\ge\sum\left(bc+a\sqrt{bc}\right)=abc+\sum a\sqrt{bc}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=3
Từ \(a^2+b^2+c^2=3\Rightarrow a+b+c\le3\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+c^2}+\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+a^2}+\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+b^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{9\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{9\cdot\left(\dfrac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
Cần chứng minh \(\sqrt{9\cdot\left(\dfrac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{13}}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(\dfrac{9}{2t}\right)^2+t^2\ge\dfrac{117}{4}\left(t=a+b+c\le3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(t-3\right)\left(2t-9\right)\left(t+3\right)\left(2t+9\right)}{4t^2}\ge0\)*Đúng*
B1:a)ĐK: \(x\ne 0;4;9\)
b)\(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{3-\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{x-5\sqrt{x}+6}\right):\left(1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1+1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x-9-x+4+x^{\dfrac{1}{2}}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}:\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^{\dfrac{1}{2}}-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{x^{\dfrac{1}{2}}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-2}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{x^{\dfrac{1}{2}}}\)\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{x-2\sqrt{x}}\)
c)Vì \(x^{\dfrac{1}{2}}+1>0\forall x\) nên
\(P< 0< =>x-2x^{\dfrac{1}{2}}< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^{\dfrac{1}{2}}\left(x^{\dfrac{1}{2}}-2\right)< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0< x< 4\)
Vậy 0<x<4 thì P<0
d)tA CÓ: \(\dfrac{1}{P}=\dfrac{x-2x^{\dfrac{1}{2}}}{x^{\dfrac{1}{2}}+1}=\dfrac{x-2x^{\dfrac{1}{2}}+1-1}{x^{\dfrac{1}{2}}+1}=\dfrac{\left(x^{\dfrac{1}{2}}-1\right)^2-1}{x^{\dfrac{1}{2}}+1}\ge-1\)
"=" khi x=1
B2:
a)\(A=x^2-2xy+y^2+4x-4y-5\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+4\left(x-y\right)-5\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2-1+4\left(x-y\right)-4\)
\(=\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x-y-1\right)+4\left(x-y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y+5\right)\left(x-y-1\right)\)
b)\(P=x^4+2x^3+3x^2+2x+1\)
\(=\left(x^4+2x^3+x^2\right)+2\left(x^2+x\right)+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+x\right)^2+2\left(x^2+x\right)+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
Vậy MinP=0
c)\(Q=x^6+2x^5+2x^4+2x^3+2x^2+2x+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+x-1\right)\left(x^4+x^3+2x^2+x+3\right)+4\)
\(=\left(1-1\right)\left(x^4+x^3+2x^2+x+3\right)+4\)
\(=0\left(x^4+x^3+2x^2+x+3\right)+4=4\)
Vậy x^2+x=1 thì Q=4
B3:a)\(2xy+x+y=83\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(2y+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2y+1\right)=\dfrac{167}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(2y+1\right)+1\left(2y+1\right)=167\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)\left(2y+1\right)=167\)
Mà \(Ư\left(167\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm167\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(-84;-1\right);\left(-1;-84\right);\left(0;83\right);\left(83;0\right)\)
Vậy...
b)\(y^2+2xy-3x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy-x^2-3x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=x^2+3x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
Vì \(x;y\in Z\) nên VT là số chính phương VP là tích 2 số nguyên liên tiếp
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy...
B5:\(B=\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{x^2-x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(B-1\right)+x\left(-B-1\right)+\left(B-1\right)=0\)
\(\Delta=\left(-B-1\right)^2-4\left(B-1\right)\left(B-1\right)\)
\(=-\left(B-3\right)\left(3B-1\right)\)
pt có nghiệm khi \(\Delta\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(B-3\right)\left(3B-1\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}B-3\le0\\3B-1\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}B\le3\\B\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Min B=1/3 khi x=-1; Max B=3 khi x=1
Lời giải:
Áp dụng hệ quả của BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}^2=\left[\frac{1}{a(a+1)}+\frac{1}{b(b+1)}+\frac{1}{c(c+1)}\right]^2\geq 3\left(\frac{1}{ab(a+1)(b+1)}+\frac{1}{bc(b+1)(c+1)}+\frac{1}{ca(a+1)(c+1)}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}^2\geq 3.\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+a+b+c}{abc(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}\geq 3.\frac{a+b+c+ab+bc+ac}{abc(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}^2\geq \frac{3}{abc}-\frac{3(abc+1)}{abc(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}\) \((1)\)
Ta sẽ cm \((a+1)(b+1)(c+1)\geq (1+\sqrt[3]{abc})^3\). Thật vậy:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}\)
Cộng theo vế: \(\Rightarrow 3\geq \frac{3(\sqrt[3]{abc}+1)}{\sqrt[3]{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)\geq (\sqrt[3]{abc}+1)^3\) (2)
Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}^2\geq \frac{3}{abc}-\frac{3(abc+1)}{abc(1+\sqrt[3]{abc})^3}=\frac{9}{\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}(1+\sqrt[3]{abc})^2}=\text{VP}^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq \text{VP}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\sqrt[4]{16+\dfrac{196abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{16\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)+196abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(Σ\sqrt[4]{a\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\right)^4\ge16\prod\left(a+b\right)+196\prod a\)
\(VT=Σa\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)+4\left(Σ\sqrt[4]{\left(a\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\right)^3\left(b\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\right)}\right)\)
\(+6\left(Σ\sqrt[4]{\left(a\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\right)^2\left(b\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\right)^2}\right)\)
\(+4\left(\sqrt[4]{a\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\right)^3}\right)\)
\(+12Σ\sqrt[4]{\left(a\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\right)^2b\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)c\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=\sum a(a+b)(a+c)+4\sum\sqrt[4]{(a^2(a+b+c)+abc)^3(b^2(a+b+c)+abc)}+\)
\(+4\sum\sqrt[4]{(a^2(a+b+c)+abc)^3(c^2(a+b+c)+abc)}\)
\(+6\sum\sqrt{(a^2(a+b+c)+abc)(b^2(a+b+c)+abc)}\)
\(+12\sum\sqrt[4]{a^2bc(a+b)^3(a+c)^3(b+c)^2}\)
\(\ge\sum(a^3+a^2b+a^2c+abc)+4\sum\left(\left(\sqrt{a^3b}+\sqrt{a^3c}\right)(a+b+c)+2abc\right)\)
\(+6\sum(ab(a+b+c)+abc)+144abc\)
\(\ge\sum\left(a^3+7a^2b+7a^2c+4\sqrt{a^5b}+4\sqrt{a^5c}+8\sqrt{a^3b^3}+77abc\right)\)
\(\ge\sum\left(8a^2b+8a^2c+4\sqrt{a^5b}+4\sqrt{a^5c}+8\sqrt{a^3b^3}+76abc\right)\)
Vi` \(16\prod(a+b)+196abc=\sum(16^2b+16a^2c+76abc)\ge0\)
Ta can chung minh
\(\sum\left(4\sqrt{a^5b}+4\sqrt{a^5c}-8a^2b-8a^2c+8\sqrt{a^3b^3}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\sqrt{ab}(a+b)(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b})^2\ge0\)
a=0;b=c hoặc a=b=c ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)