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12. Ta có \(ab\le\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
=> \(a^2-ab+3b^2+1\ge\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\)
Lại có \(\left(\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{5}{2}+1\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b+1\right)^2\)
=> \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}\ge\frac{a}{4}+\frac{5b}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}}\le\frac{4}{a+b+b+b+b+b+1+1}\le\frac{4}{64}.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{5}{b}+2\right)\)
Khi đó
\(P\le\frac{1}{16}\left(6\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+6\right)\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Vậy \(MaxP=\frac{3}{2}\)khi a=b=c=1
13. Ta có \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\le1\)
\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\)( BĐT cosi)
=> \(1\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\)
=> \(a+b+c\ge6\)
Ta có \(a^3-b^3=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)
=> \(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)
Tương tự \(\frac{b^3-c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\),,\(\frac{c^3-a^2}{c^2+ac+a^2}=c-a\)
Cộng 3 BT trên ta có
\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ac+c^2}=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+bc+b^2}+\frac{a^3}{a^2+ac+c^2}\)
Khi đó \(2P=\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+...\)
=> \(2P=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+....\)
Xét \(\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
<=> \(3\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\ge a^2+ab+b^2\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)(luôn đúng )
=> \(2P\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+b+c+a+c\right)=\frac{2}{3}.\left(a+b+c\right)\ge4\)
=> \(P\ge2\)
Vậy \(MinP=2\)khi a=b=c=2
Lưu ý : Chỗ .... là tương tự
\(P=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\le\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\right)\le\dfrac{2}{3}\left[\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right]=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(2019-\dfrac{2019}{2}\right)=673\)
Ta có: $$\left( {\frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} + \frac{1}{z}} \right){\left( {x + y + z} \right)^2} = \left( {\frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} + \frac{1}{z}} \right)\left( {3 + 2xy + 2yz + 2xz} \right)$$$$ = 3\sum\limits_{cyc} {\frac{1}{x}} + 4\sum\limits_{cyc} x + \sum\limits_{cyc} {\left( {\frac{{yz}}{x} + \frac{{zx}}{y}} \right)} \geqslant 3\left( {\sum\limits_{cyc} {\frac{1}{x}} + \sum\limits_{cyc} x + \sum\limits_{cyc} x } \right) \geqslant 9\root 3 \of {\left( {\sum\limits_{cyc} {\frac{1}{x}} } \right){{\left( {\sum\limits_{cyc} x } \right)}^2}} $$$$ \Rightarrow {\left( {\sum\limits_{cyc} {\frac{1}{x}} .{{\left( {\sum\limits_{cyc} x } \right)}^2}} \right)^3} \geqslant {9^3}\sum\limits_{cyc} {\frac{1}{x}} .{\left( {\sum\limits_{cyc} x } \right)^2} \Rightarrow \sum\limits_{cyc} {\frac{1}{x}} .{\left( {\sum\limits_{cyc} x } \right)^2} \geqslant 27$$Mặt khác ta lại có: $$P = 2\left( {x + y + z} \right) + \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} + \frac{1}{z} = \sum\limits_{cyc} x + \sum\limits_{cyc} x + \sum\limits_{cyc} {\frac{1}{x}} \geqslant 3\root 3 \of {{{\left( {\sum\limits_{cyc} x } \right)}^2}\sum\limits_{cyc} {\frac{1}{x}} } = 9$$
Lời giải:
Theo BĐT Cauchy Schwarz:
\(ab+bc+ac=3abc\Rightarrow 3=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\geq \frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\geq 3\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(A=a-\frac{ca}{c+a^2}+b-\frac{ab}{a+b^2}+c-\frac{bc}{b+c^2}\)
\(=(a+b+c)-\left(\frac{ac}{c+a^2}+\frac{ab}{a+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b+c^2}\right)\)
\(\geq (a+b+c)-\left(\frac{ac}{2a\sqrt{c}}+\frac{ab}{2b\sqrt{a}}+\frac{bc}{2c\sqrt{b}}\right)\)
\(A\geq (a+b+c)-\frac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}{2}\)
Cũng theo BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\leq \frac{a+1}{2}+\frac{b+1}{2}+\frac{c+1}{2}=\frac{a+b+c+1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\geq a+b+c-\frac{a+b+c+3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}(a+b+c)-\frac{3}{4}\geq \frac{3}{4}.3-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Giải:
Ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{a^3}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\dfrac{b^3}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}+\dfrac{c^3}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P+3=\dfrac{a^3}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+b^2+\dfrac{b^3}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}+c^2\dfrac{c^3}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}+a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P+\dfrac{6}{4\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{a^3}{2\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\dfrac{a^2}{2\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\dfrac{1+b^2}{4\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{b^3}{2\sqrt{1+c^2}}+\dfrac{b^2}{2\sqrt{1+c^2}}+\dfrac{1+c^2}{4\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{c^3}{2\sqrt{1+a^2}}+\dfrac{c^2}{2\sqrt{1+a^2}}+\dfrac{1+a^2}{4\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^6}{16\sqrt{2}}}+3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^6}{16\sqrt{2}}}+3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^6}{16\sqrt{2}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P+\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\ge\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt[3]{2\sqrt{2}}}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\dfrac{9}{2\sqrt[6]{8}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{9}{2\sqrt[6]{2^3}}-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{9}{2\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng BĐt cauchy-schwarz:(dạng phân thức + đa thức )
\(P=\dfrac{a^3}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\dfrac{b^3}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}+\dfrac{c^3}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}=\dfrac{a^4}{a\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\dfrac{b^4}{b\sqrt{1+c^2}}+\dfrac{c^4}{c\sqrt{1+a^2}}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a\sqrt{1+b^2}+b\sqrt{1+c^2}+c\sqrt{1+a^2}}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(3+a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}}=\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{18}}=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Dự đoán xảy ra cực trị khi a = b = c =2. Khi đó P =\(\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{4}\). Ta sẽ chứng minh đó là MAX của P
Ta có: \(\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^3-\left(a+b+c\right)\ge abc-\left(a+b+c\right)=2\)
Đặt a + b +c = t>0 suy ra \(\frac{t^3-27t}{27}\ge2\Leftrightarrow t^3-27t\ge54\Leftrightarrow t^3-27t-54\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}t\ge6\\t=-3\left(L\right)\end{cases}}\). Do vậy \(t\ge6\) (em làm tắt xiu nhé,dài quá)
\(P=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}\le\sqrt{2}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
Giờ đi chứng minh \(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Em cần suy ra nghĩ tiếp:(
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}\ge\dfrac{2a-b}{2}\)
Thật vậy, bất đẳng thức trên tương đương
\(b\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(Luôn đúng)
Tương tự ta có
\(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{2};\dfrac{c^3}{a^2+b^2}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
GTNN là \(\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)