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Ta có A<1/1.2+1/2.3+1/3.4+....+1/19.20
A<1-1/2=1/2-1/3+..+1/19-1/20
A<1-1/20=19/20
Ta có 19/20<19/22(so sánh 2 phân số cùng tử)=>A<19/22 (1)
Ta có A>1/2.3+1/3.4+...+1/20.21
A>1/2-1/3+1/3-1/4+........+1/20-1/21
A>1/2-1/21=20/42
Ta có 20/42>19/42(so sánh 2 phân số cùng mẫu)=>A>19/42 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) =>19/42<A<19/22
a) \(A=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{99.100}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{100}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1\)
b) \(B=\frac{1}{3}+\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B=1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{99}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B-B=1-\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow2B=1-\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{100}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow2B< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\)
A = 1 / (1.2) + 1 / (3.4) + ... + 1 / (99.100) > 1 / (1.2) + 1 / (3.4) = 1 / 2 + 1 / 12 = 7 / 12 (1)
A = 1 / (1.2) + 1 / (3.4) + ... + 1 / (99.100) = (1 - 1 / 2) + (1 / 3 - 1 / 4) + ... + (1 / 99 - 100) = (1 - 1 / 2 + 1 / 3) - (1 / 4 - 1 / 5) - (1 / 6 - 1 / 7) - ... - (1 / 98 - 1 / 99) - 1 / 100 < 1 - 1 / 2 + 1 / 3 = 5 / 6 (2)
(1), (2) => 7 / 12 < A < 5 / 6
= 1/1 - 1/2 + 1/3 - 1/4 + 1/5 - 1/6 +.....+1/99 + 1/100
=( 1/1 + 1/2 +1/3 +1/4 + 1/5 + 1/6 +.....1/99 + 1/100) - 2(1/2 + 1/4 + 1/6 + .....+ 1/100)
=(1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 + 1/6 +.....+ 1/99 + 1/100) - ( 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + .... + 1/50)
= 1/51 + 1/52 + 1/53 +....+ 1/100....>1/100
= ( 1/51 + 1/52 + 1/53 +.....+ 1/75) + ( 1/76 + 1/77 + 1/78 +.....+ 1/100)
Có 1/51>1/52>1/53>....>1/75 ; 1/76>1/77>1/78>....>1/100
A> 1/75.25 + 1/100.25= 1/3 + 1/4 = 7/12
A< 1/51.25+ 1/76.25 < 1/50.25 + 1/75.25= 1/2+1/3=5/6
Vậy 7/12< A< 5/6
Ta có
\(A=\left(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{60}+...+\frac{1}{80}\right)\) \(A>\left(\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+...+\frac{1}{40}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{80}+\frac{1}{80}+...+\frac{1}{80}\right)\)
\(A>\frac{20}{40}+\frac{20}{60}+\frac{20}{80}\Rightarrow A>\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow A>\frac{13}{12}\Rightarrow A>1\) (1)
LẠi có \(A=\left(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{60}+...+\frac{1}{80}\right)\)
\(A< \left(\frac{1}{20}+\frac{1}{20}+...+\frac{1}{20}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+...+\frac{1}{40}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(A< \frac{20}{20}+\frac{20}{40}+\frac{20}{60}\Rightarrow A< 1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow A< \frac{11}{6}< \frac{12}{6}\Rightarrow A< 2\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra điều phải CM