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Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(a^3+\dfrac{8}{125}+\dfrac{8}{125}\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^3.\dfrac{8^2}{125^2}}=\dfrac{12}{25}a\)
\(b^3+\dfrac{8}{125}+\dfrac{8}{125}\ge3\sqrt[3]{b^3.\dfrac{8^2}{125^2}}=\dfrac{12}{25}b\)
\(2c^3+2c^3+\dfrac{2}{125}+\dfrac{2}{125}+\dfrac{2}{125}+\dfrac{2}{125}\ge6\sqrt[6]{c^6.\dfrac{2^6}{125^4}}=\dfrac{12}{25}c\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(a^3+b^3+4c^3+\dfrac{8}{25}\ge\dfrac{12}{25}\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{12}{25}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+4c^3\ge\dfrac{12}{25}-\dfrac{8}{25}=\dfrac{4}{25}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=\dfrac{4}{25}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{2}{5}\\b=\dfrac{2}{5}\\c=\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo em biết thì n5 - n = n(n4 - 1) = n(n2 - 1)(n2 + 1) = (n - 1)n(n + 1)(n2 - 4) + 5(n - 1)n(n + 1) = (n - 2)(n - 1)n(n + 1)(n + 2) + 5(n - 1)n(n + 1)
Phải không ạ ?
Với lại, nếu là bài kiểm tra bình thường (dành cho mọi học sinh) thì tính chất một số chính phương khi chia cho 5 chỉ có số dư là -1, 0, 1 hình như phải chứng minh đấy ạ. Nhân đây chứng minh cho bạn ra đề kẻo bạn không hiệu :v
Ta xét 3 trường hợp như sau:
+) TH1: \(n\equiv0\left(mod5\right)\Rightarrow n^2\equiv0^2\left(mod5\right)\)
=> n2 \(⋮\) 5
+) TH2:
\(n\equiv\pm1\left(mod5\right)\Rightarrow n^2\equiv\left(\pm1\right)^2\left(mod5\right)\Rightarrow n^2\equiv1\left(mod5\right)\)
=> n2 chia 5 dư 1
+) TH3:
\(n\equiv\pm2\left(mod5\right)\Rightarrow n^2\equiv\left(\pm2\right)^2\left(mod5\right)\Rightarrow n^2\equiv4\equiv-1\left(mod5\right)\)
=> n2 chia 5 dư -1
\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CI}=\overrightarrow{BC}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BG}=\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BI}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AG}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BG}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}=\frac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{a}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{b}\)
d/ \(B=180^0-\left(A+C\right)=75^0\)
\(\Rightarrow b=c=4,5\)
\(\frac{a}{sinA}=\frac{b}{sinB}\Rightarrow a=\frac{b.sinA}{sinB}=\frac{9}{4}\left(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}\right)\)
e/ \(cosA=\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}\Rightarrow a=\sqrt{b^2+c^2-2bc.cosA}\approx23\)
\(cosB=\frac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}=\frac{433}{460}\Rightarrow B\approx19^043'\)
\(\Rightarrow C=180^0-\left(A+B\right)=...\)
f/ \(cosA=\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}=\frac{11}{15}\Rightarrow A\approx42^050'\)
\(cosB=\frac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}=\frac{17}{35}\Rightarrow B\approx60^056'\)
\(C=180^0-\left(A+B\right)=...\)
a/ \(cosA=\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}=-\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow A=120^0\)
\(cosB=\frac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\Rightarrow B=45^0\)
\(C=180^0-\left(A+B\right)=15^0\)
b/\(A=180^0-\left(B+C\right)=79^037'\)
\(\frac{a}{sinA}=\frac{b}{sinB}=\frac{c}{sinC}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=\frac{sinB}{sinA}.a\approx61\\c=\frac{sinC}{sinA}.a\approx102\end{matrix}\right.\)
c/\(\frac{a}{sinA}=\frac{b}{sinB}\Rightarrow sinB=\frac{bsinA}{a}\approx0,6\Rightarrow B\approx36^052'\)
\(\Rightarrow C=180^0-\left(A+B\right)=75^045'\)
\(\frac{a}{sinA}=\frac{c}{sinC}\Rightarrow c=\frac{a.sinC}{sinA}\approx21\)
1.
C/m bổ đề: \(a^3-b^3\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(a^3-b^3\right)\) với \(\forall a,b\in R,a\ge b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^3-4b^3-\left(a^3-3a^2b+3ab^2-b^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^3+3a^2b-3ab^2-3b^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)(đúng)
Theo bài ra: \(a^3-b^3\ge3a-3b-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) Cần c/m: \(\left(a-b\right)^3\ge12a-12b-16\)(1)
Thật vậy:
\(\left(1\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^3-12\left(a-b\right)+16\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a-b\right)^3-8\right]-12\left(a-b-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+2\left(a-b\right)+4\right]-12\left(a-b-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+2\left(a+b\right)-8\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)^2\left(a-b+4\right)\ge0\) (đúng với mọi a,b thỏa mãn \(a,b\in R,a\ge b\))
2.
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\frac{a+b}{ab}}+\frac{1}{\frac{c+d}{cd}}\le\frac{1}{\frac{a+b+c+d}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{cd}{c+d}\le\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab\left(c+d\right)+cd\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}\le\)\(\frac{ab+ad+bc+cd}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{abc+abd+acd+bcd}{ac+ad+bc+bd}\le\frac{ab+ad+bc+cd}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad+ab+bc+cd\right)\left(ac+ad+bc+bd\right)\ge\)\(\left(a+b+c+d\right)\left(abc+abd+acd+bcd\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad\right)^2-2abcd+\left(bc\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad-bc\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng với mọi a,b,c,d>0)
Câu 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(1+x^3+y^3\geq 3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3}=3xy\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}\geq \frac{\sqrt{3xy}}{xy}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{xy}}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{\sqrt{1+y^3+z^3}}{yz}\geq \sqrt{\frac{3}{yz}}; \frac{\sqrt{1+z^3+x^3}}{xz}\geq \sqrt{\frac{3}{xz}}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT thu được:
\(\text{VT}\geq \sqrt{\frac{3}{xy}}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{yz}}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{xz}}\geq 3\sqrt[6]{\frac{27}{x^2y^2z^2}}=3\sqrt[6]{27}=3\sqrt{3}\) (Cauchy)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1$
Câu 4:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{3}{y}\right)(x+y)\geq (\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3})^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 1.(x+y)\geq (\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3})^2\Rightarrow x+y\geq 5+2\sqrt{6}\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=5+2\sqrt{6}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=2+\sqrt{6}; y=3+\sqrt{6}\)
------------------------------
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}.\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab}}=1\)
\(a^2+b^2\geq 2ab\Rightarrow \frac{3(a^2+b^2)}{4ab}\geq \frac{6ab}{4ab}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế hai BĐT trên:
\(\Rightarrow B\geq 1+\frac{3}{2}=\frac{5}{2}\) hay \(B_{\min}=\frac{5}{2}\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b$
\(P=\frac{7}{a+1}-2+\frac{7}{b+1}-2=7\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)-4\)
\(P\ge\frac{7.4}{a+b+2}-4\ge\frac{28}{6+2}-4=-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(P_{min}=-\frac{1}{2}\) khi \(a=b=3\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(a^6+a^6+a^6+a^6+a^6+1\ge6\sqrt[6]{a^{30}}=6a^5\)
\(b^6+b^6+b^6+b^6+b^6+1\ge6\sqrt[6]{b^{30}}=6b^5\)
\(c^6+c^6+c^6+c^6+c^6+1\ge6\sqrt[6]{c^{30}}=6c^5\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(5\left(a^6+b^6+b^6\right)+3\ge6\left(a^5+b^5+c^5\right)=18\)
\(\Rightarrow5\left(a^6+b^6+c^6\right)\ge15\Rightarrow a^6+b^6+c^6\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=3\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)