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Bài 2:
a) \(A=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3}{abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{abc}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\right]\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên a + b = -c (1)
Thay (1) vào A, ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(-c\right)^3-3ab\left(-c\right)+c^3\right]\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}.3abc\)
\(A=3\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên b + c = -a
=> ( b + c )2 = (-a)2
=> b2 + c2 + 2bc = a2
=> b2 + c2 = a2 - 2bc (1)
Tương tự ta có: c2 + a2 = b2 - 2ac (2)
a2 + b2 = c - 2ab (3)
Thay (1), (2) và (3) vào B, ta được:
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(a^2-2bc\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(b^2-2ac\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(c^2-2ab\right)}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2+2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2+2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2+2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{2abc}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Mà \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) ( câu a )
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}.3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 1:
a) GT: abc = 2
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+2}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2c}{ac+2c+2}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{abc+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2\left(1+cb+b\right)}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=1\)
b) GT: abc = 1
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{cb}{b\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{abc+bc+b}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=1\)
a/d vào công thức a^3+b^3+b^3=3abc( khi a+b+c=0)
ta đc 1/a+1/b+1/c=0
=> (1/a)^3+(1/b)^3+(1/c)^3=3. (1/abc)
lại có S=\(\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ca}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}=\dfrac{abc}{a^3}+\dfrac{abc}{b^3}+\dfrac{abc}{c^3}\)
=abc (\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}\))
=3.\(\dfrac{abc}{abc}\)=1
chúc bạn học tốt ^ ^
Dễ CM : nếu x+y+z=0 thì x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
\(S=\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ca}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}=\dfrac{abc}{a^3}+\dfrac{abc}{b^3}+\dfrac{abc}{c^3}=abc\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}\right)\\ =abc.\dfrac{1}{abc}=1\)
(a,b,c khác 0 nữa)
\(\dfrac{ab+1}{b}=\dfrac{bc+1}{c}=\dfrac{ca+1}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+\dfrac{1}{b}=b+\dfrac{1}{c}=c+\dfrac{1}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=\dfrac{c-b}{bc}\\b-c=\dfrac{a-c}{ca}\\c-a=\dfrac{b-a}{ab}\end{matrix}\right.\)(1)
Xét a=b hoặc b=c hoặc c=a thì=>a=b=c
Xét \(a\ne b\ne c\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)=\dfrac{\left(c-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-1=\dfrac{1}{a^2b^2c^2}\)(vô nghiệm)
Vậy ...
Lời giải:
$AB,BC,AC$ tỉ lệ với $4,7,5$ \(\Leftrightarrow \frac{AB}{4}=\frac{BC}{7}=\frac{CA}{5}(*)\)
a) Sử dụng công thức đường phân giác kết hợp với \((*)\) ta có:
\(\frac{MC}{BM}=\frac{AC}{AB}=\frac{5}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{MC}{BM+MC}=\frac{5}{4+5}\Leftrightarrow \frac{MC}{BC}=\frac{5}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow MC=\frac{5}{9}BC=\frac{5}{9}.18=10\) (cm)
b) Sử dụng công thức đường phân giác kết hợp với \((*)\) ta có:
\(\frac{NC}{NA}=\frac{BC}{AB}=\frac{7}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{NC}{7}=\frac{NA}{4}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\frac{NC+NA}{7+4}=\frac{NC}{7}=\frac{NA}{4}=\frac{NC-NA}{7-4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{AC}{11}=\frac{3}{3}=1\Rightarrow AC=11\) (cm)
c)
Vì $AO$ là phân giác góc $PAC$, $BO$ là phân giác góc $PBC$ nên áp dụng công thức đường phân giác:
\(\frac{OP}{OC}=\frac{AP}{AC}=\frac{BP}{BC}\)
AD tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\frac{OP}{OC}=\frac{AP}{AC}=\frac{BP}{BC}=\frac{AP+BP}{AC+BC}=\frac{AB}{AC+BC}\)
Theo \((*)\Rightarrow AC=\frac{5}{4}AB; BC=\frac{7}{4}AB\)
\(\frac{OP}{OC}=\frac{AB}{AC+BC}=\frac{AB}{\frac{5}{4}AB+\frac{7}{4}AB}=\frac{AB}{3AB}=\frac{1}{3}\)
d) Áp dụng công thức đường phân giác:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{MB}{MC}=\frac{AB}{AC}\\ \frac{NC}{NA}=\frac{BC}{AB}\\ \frac{PA}{PB}=\frac{AC}{BC}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{MB}{MC}.\frac{NC}{NA}.\frac{PA}{PB}=\frac{AB}{AC}.\frac{BC}{AB}.\frac{AC}{BC}=1\)
(đpcm)
Chứng minh \(\frac{1}{AM}+\frac{1}{BN}+\frac{1}{CP}>\frac{1}{AB}+\frac{1}{BC}+\frac{1}{AC}\)
Kẻ \(MH\perp AB, MK\perp AC, CL\perp AB\)
Ta có bổ đề sau: \(\sin (2\alpha)=2\sin \alpha\cos \alpha\)
Chứng minh :
Thật vậy, xét một tam giác $ABC$ vuông tại $A$ có đường cao $AH$ và trung tuyến $AM$, góc \(\angle ACB=\alpha\)
Khi đó: \(AM=MB=MC=\frac{BC}{2}\Rightarrow \triangle AMC\) cân tại $M$
\(\Rightarrow \angle MAC=\angle MCA=\alpha\)
\(\Rightarrow \angle HMA=\angle MAC+\angle MCA=2\alpha\)
\(\Rightarrow \sin 2\alpha=\sin HMA=\frac{HA}{MA}=\frac{HA}{\frac{BC}{2}}=\frac{2HA}{BC}\) (1)
Lại có: \(\sin \alpha=\sin \angle ACB=\frac{AH}{AC}\)
\(\cos \alpha=\frac{AC}{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow \sin \alpha\cos \alpha=\frac{AH}{AC}.\frac{AC}{BC}=\frac{AH}{BC}\) (2)
Từ (1); (2) suy ra \(\sin 2\alpha=2\sin \alpha\cos \alpha\) (đpcm)
------------------------------
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
Ta có: \(\sin A=2\sin \frac{A}{2}\cos \frac{A}{2}\)
\(S_{ABM}+S_{AMC}=S_{ABC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{MH.AB}{2}+\frac{MK.AC}{2}=\frac{CL.AB}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow AB.\sin \frac{A}{2}.AM+\sin \frac{A}{2}.AM.AC=\sin A.AC.AB\)
\(\Leftrightarrow AM=\frac{\sin A.AB.AC}{\sin \frac{A}{2}.AB+\sin \frac{A}{2}.AC}=\frac{2\sin \frac{A}{2}\cos \frac{A}{2}.AB.AC}{\sin \frac{A}{2}.AB+\sin \frac{A}{2}.AC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow AM=\frac{2\cos \frac{A}{2}.AB.AC}{AB+AC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{AM}=\frac{AB+AC}{2AB.AC\cos \frac{A}{2}}=\frac{1}{2\cos \frac{A}{2}}(\frac{1}{AB}+\frac{1}{AC})\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{BN}=\frac{1}{2\cos \frac{B}{2}}(\frac{1}{BA}+\frac{1}{BC})\)
\(\frac{1}{CP}=\frac{1}{2\cos \frac{C}{2}}(\frac{1}{CB}+\frac{1}{CA})\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\frac{1}{AM}+\frac{1}{BN}+\frac{1}{CP}=\frac{1}{2\cos \frac{A}{2}}(\frac{1}{AB}+\frac{1}{AC})+\frac{1}{2\cos \frac{B}{2}}(\frac{1}{BA}+\frac{1}{BC})+\frac{1}{2\cos \frac{C}{2}}(\frac{1}{CA}+\frac{1}{CB})\)
\(> \frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{AB}+\frac{1}{AC})+\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{BC}+\frac{1}{AC})+\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{CB}+\frac{1}{CA})\) (do \(\cos \alpha < 1\) vì cạnh góc vuông luôn nhỏ hơn cạnh huyền)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{AM}+\frac{1}{BN}+\frac{1}{CP}> \frac{1}{AB}+\frac{1}{BC}+\frac{1}{CA}\)
Ta có đpcm.
B1:
\(ab+bc+ca\le a^2+b^2+c^2< 2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Xét hiệu:
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\)
\(=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\)
=> BĐT luôn đúng
*
Ta có:
\(a< b+c\Rightarrow a^2< ab+ac\)
\(b< a+c\Rightarrow b^2< ab+ac\)
\(c< a+b\Rightarrow a^2< ac+bc\)
Cộng từng vế bất đẳng thức ta được:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2< 2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Vậy: \(ab+bc+ca\le a^2+b^2+c^2< 2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
B2:
Ta có: \(a+b>c\) ; \(b+c>a\); \(a+c>b\)
Xét:\(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{a+b+a+b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c+b}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{b+c+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{a+c+a+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)
Suy ra:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}>\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)
=> ĐPCM
Ribi Nkok Ngok lê thị hương giang Nguyễn Huy Tú Nguyễn Nam Vũ Elsa
Ta có: \(L=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ca+c+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{ab}{abc+ab+a}+\dfrac{c}{ca+c+abc}\) ( Do abc = 1)
\(=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{ab}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{1}{ab+a+1}=\dfrac{ab+a+1}{ab+a+1}=1\)