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1/Ta có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=81\)
\(\Rightarrow M=ab+bc+ca=\frac{\left(81-141\right)}{2}\)
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Ta có
(m+n+p)^q >= m^q+n^q+p^q
=>a+b+c=1
=>(a+b+c)^2016=1 >= a2016 + b2016 + c2016
Mà a2016 + b2016 + c2016 >=0
=> a2016 + b2016 + c2016=1
a\(^2\)+ b\(^2\) + c\(^2\) = 1⇒ \(\left|a\right|\); \(\left|b\right|\) ; \(\left|c\right|\) ≤ 1
⇒ \(\left|a^3\right|\) ≤ a\(^2\) ; \(\left|b^3\right|\) ≤ b\(^2\) ; \(\left|c^3\right|\) ≤ c\(^2\)
⇒a\(^3\)+ b\(^3\)+ c\(^3\) ≤ \(\left|a^3\right|\) + \(\left|b^3\right|\) + \(\left|c^3\right|\) ≤ a\(^2\) + b\(^2\) + c\(^2\) = 1
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi( a;b;c) = (1;0;0) ; (0;1;0) ; (0;0;1)
Vậy S = 0 + 0 + 1 = 1
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2-3ab\right]=0\)
Do \(a+b+c\ne0\) nên \(\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2-3ab=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(N=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{3a^2}{\left(3a\right)^2}=\frac{3a^2}{9a^2}=\frac{1}{3}\)
...
Theo đề bài ta có :
\(a+b+c=a^2+b^2+c^2\) ( * )
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\left(.\right)\)
Tiếp tục ta có :
\(a+b+c=a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+\left[b^3+c^3+3bc\left(b+c\right)+3a\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\right]=a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+\left(b+c\right)\left(3bc+3a^2+3ab+3ac\right)=a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)=a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-c\\a=-b\\c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay a = -b vào (1) ta được a = b = 0.
Thay vào ( *) ta được c = 1
Tương tự ta thấy trong ba số có 1 số là 1 và hai số còn lại có giá trị là 0.
\(\Leftrightarrow P=1.\)