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\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2b^2}{b^2c^2}}\ge\frac{2a}{c}\) ; \(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2c}{b}\) ; \(\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2b}{a}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2. \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc.ac}{ab}}=2c\) ; \(\frac{ac}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge2a\) ; \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge2b\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Thay abc = 1 vào bđt cần chứng minh :
\(a+b+c\ge\frac{a\left(bc+1\right)}{b\left(ac+1\right)}+\frac{b\left(ac+1\right)}{c\left(ab+1\right)}+\frac{c\left(ab+1\right)}{a\left(bc+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(1-\frac{bc+1}{ac+1}\right)+b\left(1-\frac{ac+1}{ab+1}\right)+c\left(1-\frac{ab+1}{bc+1}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ac\left(a-b\right)}{ac+1}+\frac{ab\left(b-c\right)}{ab+1}+\frac{bc\left(c-a\right)}{bc+1}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ac\left[-\left(c-a\right)-\left(b-c\right)\right]}{ac+1}+\frac{ab\left[-\left(a-b\right)-\left(c-a\right)\right]}{ab+1}+\frac{bc\left[-\left(b-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)\right]}{bc+1}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\frac{-ac\left(c-a\right)}{ac+1}-\frac{ab\left(c-a\right)}{ab+1}\right]+\left[-\frac{ac\left(b-c\right)}{ac+1}-\frac{bc\left(b-c\right)}{bc+1}\right]+\left[-\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{ab+1}-\frac{bc\left(a-b\right)}{bc+1}\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-a\left(c-a\right)\left(c+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{ac+1}+\frac{1}{ab+1}\right)-c\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{ac+1}+\frac{1}{bc+1}\right)-b\left(a-b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{ab+1}+\frac{1}{bc+1}\right)\ge0\)(1)
Đặt \(x=\frac{1}{ab+1},y=\frac{1}{bc+1},z=\frac{1}{ac+1}\)
Tiếp tục phân tích : \(-c\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b\right).x-b\left(a-b\right)\left(a+c\right).y=-c\left(a+b\right).x\left[-\left(c-a\right)-\left(a-b\right)\right]-b\left(a+c\right).y\left[-\left(b-c\right)-\left(c-a\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(c-a\right).\left[c\left(a+b\right)x+b\left(a+c\right)y\right]+c\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right).x+b\left(a+c\right)\left(b-c\right).y\)
Tới đây giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c>0\) là ra nhé :)
Trước hết ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức sau \(\sqrt{a^2+x^2}+\sqrt{b^2+y^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
Thật vậy, bất đẳng thức trên tương đương với \(\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\right)^2\ge\left(a+x\right)^2+\left(b+y\right)^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\ge2ax+2by\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
Bất đẳng thức cuối cùng là bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky nên (*) đúng
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức trên ta có \(\sqrt{a^2+\frac{1}{b^2}}+\sqrt{b^2+\frac{1}{c^2}}+\sqrt{c^2+\frac{1}{a^2}}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}+\sqrt{c^2+\frac{1}{a^2}}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\ge\frac{153}{4}\)
Thật vậy, áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy và chú ý giả thiết \(a+b+c\le\frac{3}{2}\), ta được:\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)\(=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\frac{81}{16\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\frac{1215}{16\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)\(\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2.\frac{81}{16\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}+\frac{1215}{16.\frac{9}{4}}=\frac{153}{4}\)
Bất đẳng thức đã được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
Đặt \(x=\frac{1}{a}, y=\frac{1}{b}, z=\frac{1}{c}, \Rightarrow x+y+z=2\)
Suy ra \(\frac{1}{a\left(2a-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{b\left(2b-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{c\left(2c-1\right)^2}=\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^2}+\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z\right)^2}\)
Ta có \(\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{2-x}{8}+\frac{2-x}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2} .\frac{2-x}{8}.\frac{2-x}{8}}=\frac{3x}{4}.\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^2}+\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z\right)^2}\ge x+y+z-\frac{3}{2}=2-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)hay \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{2}\)
4.
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}=\frac{a^4}{ab}+\frac{b^4}{bc}+\frac{c^4}{ac}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
5.
\(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{bc.ca}}=\frac{2}{c}\) ; \(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{b}\) ; \(\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
1.
Áp dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{ab}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{bc}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{ca}\right)^2\ge\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}.\sqrt{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge\sqrt{abc}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
2.
\(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}\ge2\sqrt[]{\frac{ab.bc}{ca}}=2b\) ; \(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2a\) ; \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2c\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
3.
Từ câu b, thay \(c=1\) ta được:
\(ab+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\ge a+b+1\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab+2c^2}{1+ab-c^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab+2c^2}{a^2+b^2+ab}}=\frac{ab+2c^2}{\sqrt{\left(ab+2c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+ab\right)}}\ge\frac{2\left(ab+2c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+2ab+2c^2}\ge\frac{ab+2c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=ab+2c^2\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{\frac{bc+2a^2}{1+bc-a^2}}\ge bc+2a^2\) ; \(\sqrt{\frac{ca+2b^2}{1+ac-b^2}}\ge ca+2b^2\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ca=2+ab+bc+ca\)
Lời giải:
Ta thấy:
\(\text{VT}=(a+\frac{ca}{a+b})+(b+\frac{ab}{b+c})+(c+\frac{bc}{c+a})\)
\(=\frac{a(a+b+c)}{a+b}+\frac{b(a+b+c)}{b+c}+\frac{c(a+b+c)}{c+a}\)
\(=(a+b+c)\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\geq (a+b+c).\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{a^2+ab+b^2+bc+c^2+ac}=\frac{(a+b+c)^3}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac}\) (theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)
Có:
$(a+b+c)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac)=a^2+b^2+c^2+2$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+2}=\sqrt{t+2}$ với $t=a^2+b^2+c^2$
Do đó:
$\text{VT}\geq \frac{\sqrt{(t+2)^3}}{t+1}$ \(=\sqrt{\frac{(t+2)^3}{(t+1)^2}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\((t+2)^3=\left(\frac{t+1}{2}+\frac{t+1}{2}+1\right)^3\geq 27.\frac{(t+1)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}=\sqrt{\frac{(t+2)^3}{(t+1)^2}}\geq \sqrt{\frac{27}{4}}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
a/ \(VT=\frac{1}{a+a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+c+c}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{4}\)
b/ \(VT\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{bc}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{ca}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(VT\le\frac{a}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{a}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}=2\Leftrightarrow\left(1-\frac{a}{a+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{b}{b+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{c}{c+1}\right)=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)+\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)+\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)=\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c+2=abc\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}+2\)(Bất đẳng thức Cô - si)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt[3]{abc}\)thì \(t^3\ge3t^3+2\Leftrightarrow\left(t-2\right)\left(t+1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow t\ge2\)(Do \(\left(t+1\right)^2>0\forall t>0\))
\(\Rightarrow abc\ge8\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\ge12\)(đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 2