Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Trước hết ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức sau \(\sqrt{a^2+x^2}+\sqrt{b^2+y^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
Thật vậy, bất đẳng thức trên tương đương với \(\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\right)^2\ge\left(a+x\right)^2+\left(b+y\right)^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\ge2ax+2by\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
Bất đẳng thức cuối cùng là bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky nên (*) đúng
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức trên ta có \(\sqrt{a^2+\frac{1}{b^2}}+\sqrt{b^2+\frac{1}{c^2}}+\sqrt{c^2+\frac{1}{a^2}}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}+\sqrt{c^2+\frac{1}{a^2}}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\ge\frac{153}{4}\)
Thật vậy, áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy và chú ý giả thiết \(a+b+c\le\frac{3}{2}\), ta được:\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)\(=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\frac{81}{16\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\frac{1215}{16\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)\(\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2.\frac{81}{16\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}+\frac{1215}{16.\frac{9}{4}}=\frac{153}{4}\)
Bất đẳng thức đã được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)-ab\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) ( đúng )
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
a) Áp dụng BĐT trên ta có:
\(\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+abc}\right)\le\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc}\right)=\Sigma\left[\frac{1}{ab}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{a+b+c}\right)\right]=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=\frac{a+b+c}{\left(a+b+c\right)\cdot abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c\)
b) \(\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+1}\right)\le\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc}\right)=\Sigma\left[\frac{1}{ab}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{a+b+c}\right)\right]=\frac{1}{abc}=1\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=1\)
c) \(\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a+b+1}\right)\le\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{ab}\left(\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}\right)+\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)=\Sigma\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{ab}\left(\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{ca}}\right)=\frac{\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}}{\left(\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}\right)\cdot\sqrt[3]{abc}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}=1\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
a/ \(VT=\frac{1}{a+a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+c+c}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{4}\)
b/ \(VT\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{bc}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{ca}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(VT\le\frac{a}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{a}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
4.
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}=\frac{a^4}{ab}+\frac{b^4}{bc}+\frac{c^4}{ac}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
5.
\(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{bc.ca}}=\frac{2}{c}\) ; \(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{b}\) ; \(\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
1.
Áp dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{ab}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{bc}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{ca}\right)^2\ge\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}.\sqrt{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge\sqrt{abc}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
2.
\(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}\ge2\sqrt[]{\frac{ab.bc}{ca}}=2b\) ; \(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2a\) ; \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2c\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
3.
Từ câu b, thay \(c=1\) ta được:
\(ab+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\ge a+b+1\)
\(VT=\text{Σ}\left(\frac{1}{a}-1\right)=\frac{b+c}{a}.\frac{c+a}{b}.\frac{a+b}{c}\)
\(\ge\frac{8\sqrt{a^2b^2c^2}}{abc}=8\)(cô - si)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c =\(\frac{1}{3}\))
Thay abc = 1 vào bđt cần chứng minh :
\(a+b+c\ge\frac{a\left(bc+1\right)}{b\left(ac+1\right)}+\frac{b\left(ac+1\right)}{c\left(ab+1\right)}+\frac{c\left(ab+1\right)}{a\left(bc+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(1-\frac{bc+1}{ac+1}\right)+b\left(1-\frac{ac+1}{ab+1}\right)+c\left(1-\frac{ab+1}{bc+1}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ac\left(a-b\right)}{ac+1}+\frac{ab\left(b-c\right)}{ab+1}+\frac{bc\left(c-a\right)}{bc+1}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ac\left[-\left(c-a\right)-\left(b-c\right)\right]}{ac+1}+\frac{ab\left[-\left(a-b\right)-\left(c-a\right)\right]}{ab+1}+\frac{bc\left[-\left(b-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)\right]}{bc+1}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\frac{-ac\left(c-a\right)}{ac+1}-\frac{ab\left(c-a\right)}{ab+1}\right]+\left[-\frac{ac\left(b-c\right)}{ac+1}-\frac{bc\left(b-c\right)}{bc+1}\right]+\left[-\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{ab+1}-\frac{bc\left(a-b\right)}{bc+1}\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-a\left(c-a\right)\left(c+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{ac+1}+\frac{1}{ab+1}\right)-c\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{ac+1}+\frac{1}{bc+1}\right)-b\left(a-b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{ab+1}+\frac{1}{bc+1}\right)\ge0\)(1)
Đặt \(x=\frac{1}{ab+1},y=\frac{1}{bc+1},z=\frac{1}{ac+1}\)
Tiếp tục phân tích : \(-c\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b\right).x-b\left(a-b\right)\left(a+c\right).y=-c\left(a+b\right).x\left[-\left(c-a\right)-\left(a-b\right)\right]-b\left(a+c\right).y\left[-\left(b-c\right)-\left(c-a\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(c-a\right).\left[c\left(a+b\right)x+b\left(a+c\right)y\right]+c\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right).x+b\left(a+c\right)\left(b-c\right).y\)
Tới đây giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c>0\) là ra nhé :)