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\(P=\frac{\sqrt{a-1}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}+\frac{\sqrt{c-9}}{c}\)
Vì \(a=\left(a-1\right)+1\ge2\sqrt{\left(a-1\right).1}=2\sqrt{a-1}\)
\(b=\left(b-4\right)+4\ge2\sqrt{\left(b-4\right).4}=4\sqrt{b-4}\)
\(c=\left(c-9\right)+9\ge2\sqrt{\left(c-9\right).9}=6\sqrt{c-9}\)
=>\(P\le\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}=\frac{11}{12}\)
P max = 11/12 khi a=2; b=8; c =18
gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
3.
\(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(4a^2+4ab+b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(2a+b\right)^2\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}\ge2a+b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+2c^2}}\le\frac{1}{2b+c};\frac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ca+2a^2}}\le\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2a+b}+\frac{1}{2b+c}+\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{1}{3}.\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow MaxP=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{a-9}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}+\frac{\sqrt{c-1}}{c}\le\frac{11}{12}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(VT=\frac{\sqrt{9\left(a-9\right)}}{3a}+\frac{\sqrt{4\left(b-4\right)}}{2b}+\frac{\sqrt{1\left(c-1\right)}}{c}\)
\(\le\frac{\frac{9+\left(a-9\right)}{2}}{3a}+\frac{\frac{4+\left(b-4\right)}{2}}{2b}+\frac{\frac{1+\left(c-1\right)}{2}}{c}\)
\(=\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{11}{12}=VP\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=18;b=8;c=2\)
Gợi ý: Mấy bài dạng này bạn tìm một hằng số để nhân thêm vào để rút gọn mất các biến a,b,c nhé.
\(P=\frac{\sqrt{a-1}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}+\frac{\sqrt{c-9}}{c}\)
Ta có: \(a=\left(a-1\right)+1\ge2\sqrt{a-1}\)
\(b=\left(b-4\right)+4\ge2\sqrt{\left(b-4\right).4}=4\sqrt{b-4}\)
\(c=\left(c-9\right)+9\ge2\sqrt{\left(c-9\right).9}=6\sqrt{c-9}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}=\frac{11}{12}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a-1=1;b-4=4;c-9=9\)hay \(a=2;b=8;c=18\)