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Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca+abc=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+8\)\(=12+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)\)\(=\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)+\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}=1\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{a+2}+\frac{2}{b+2}+\frac{2}{c+2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-\left(\frac{2}{a+2}+\frac{2}{b+2}+\frac{2}{c+2}\right)=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{a+2}+\frac{b}{b+2}+\frac{c}{c+2}=1\)
Đặt \(x=\frac{a}{a+2};y=\frac{b}{b+2};z=\frac{c}{c+2}\). Khi đó x + y + z = 1 và \(\frac{1}{x}=\frac{a+2}{a}=1+\frac{2}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{a}=\frac{1}{x}-1=\frac{1-x}{x}=\frac{y+z}{x}\Rightarrow a=\frac{2x}{y+z}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự, ta có: \(b=\frac{2y}{z+x};c=\frac{2z}{x+y}\)
Lúc đó bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(\sqrt{\frac{2x}{y+z}.\frac{2y}{z+x}}+\sqrt{\frac{2y}{z+x}.\frac{2z}{x+y}}+\sqrt{\frac{2z}{x+y}.\frac{2x}{y+z}}\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y+z}.\frac{y}{z+x}}+2\sqrt{\frac{y}{z+x}.\frac{z}{x+y}}+2\sqrt{\frac{z}{x+y}.\frac{x}{y+z}}\le3\)
Theo BĐT AM - GM, ta có: \(2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y+z}.\frac{y}{z+x}}\le\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{x}{z+x}\)(1)
Tương tự: \(2\sqrt{\frac{y}{z+x}.\frac{z}{x+y}}\le\frac{z}{z+x}+\frac{y}{x+y}\)(2) ;\(2\sqrt{\frac{z}{x+y}.\frac{x}{y+z}}\le\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{z}{y+z}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y+z}.\frac{y}{z+x}}+2\sqrt{\frac{y}{z+x}.\frac{z}{x+y}}+2\sqrt{\frac{z}{x+y}.\frac{x}{y+z}}\)\(\le\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{y}{x+y}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{z}{y+z}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{z+x}+\frac{x}{z+x}\right)=3\)
Vậy bài toán được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)hay a = b = c = 1.
Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x},\text{ }b=\frac{1}{y},\text{ }c=\frac{1}{z}\Rightarrow x+y+z+1=4xyz\Leftrightarrow r=\frac{p+1}{4}\)
Cần chứng minh: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\le3\sqrt{xyz}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z+2\Sigma\sqrt{xy}\le9xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(p+2\Sigma\sqrt{xy}\right)\le9\left(p+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\Sigma\sqrt{xy}\le5p+9\) (1)
Ta có: \(t^2+u^2+v^2+2tuv+1\ge2\left(tu+uv+tv\right)\) (quen thuộc, trên mạng chắc có)
Vì vậy: \(x+y+z+2\sqrt{xyz}+1\ge2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)\)
Hay là: \(4\left(p+2\sqrt{xyz}+1\right)\ge8\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta chứng minh: \(4\left(p+2\sqrt{r}+1\right)\le5p+9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4p+4\sqrt{\left(p+1\right)}+4\le5p+9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(p-3\right)^2\ge0\). Xong.
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow3+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac+c^2=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3+c^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}\le\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
Thiết lập tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}\le\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\\\frac{ac}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\le\frac{ac}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{ac}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}=\sqrt{\frac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}}{2}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{bc}{a+c}+\frac{bc}{a+b}}{2}\\\frac{ac}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{ac}{a+b}+\frac{ac}{b+c}}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{\left(\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{ac}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{ac}{b+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{bc}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{a+c}\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có BĐT \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{1}{3}\cdot9=3\)
Khi đó áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)\). Tương tự cũng có:
\(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}\right);\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ca}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{bc+ca}{a+b}+\frac{bc+ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab+ca}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Vì abc = 1 nên ta có thể đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y};\frac{y}{z};\frac{z}{x}\right)\). Khi đó:
\(VT=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}+\frac{x}{y}+2}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{xy+xz+2yz}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT^2\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{yz}{xy+xz+2yz}\right)\left(\text{ }\right)\)(Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)
\(\le\frac{3}{4}\left[\Sigma_{cyc}yz\left(\frac{1}{xy+yz}+\frac{1}{xz+yz}\right)\right]=\frac{3}{4}\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{xy+yz}{xy+yz}\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z hay a = b = c = 1
\(\frac{a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+b^2}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+c^2}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{c+b}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
1,
\(\frac{a}{1+\frac{b}{a}}+\frac{b}{1+\frac{c}{b}}+\frac{c}{1+\frac{a}{c}}=\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2}=\frac{2}{2}=1\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}a^2\left(\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}+1\right)\left[\left(\sqrt[3]{b}-\sqrt[3]{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{b}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{c}-1\right)^2\right]}{2\left(a+2\right)\left(a+\sqrt[3]{bc}\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}=\Sigma_{cyc}A+\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2\left(a-1\right)^2}{3\left(a+2\right)}+\frac{5}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)-1\ge\frac{5}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)-1=\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}+\frac{b^2}{b+\sqrt[3]{ca}}+\frac{c^2}{c+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}+\frac{b^2}{b+\sqrt[3]{ca}}+\frac{c^2}{c+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)\(\ge\frac{9}{3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)
Chứng minh rằng : \(\frac{9}{3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow18\ge3\left(3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow18\ge9+3\sqrt[3]{bc}+3\sqrt[3]{ca}+3\sqrt[3]{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\ge3\sqrt[3]{ab}+3\sqrt[3]{bc}+3\sqrt[3]{ca}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 3 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{ab}\\b+c+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{bc}\\c+a+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{ca}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)+3\ge3\sqrt[3]{ab}+3\sqrt[3]{bc}+3\sqrt[3]{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge3\sqrt[3]{ab}+3\sqrt[3]{bc}+3\sqrt[3]{ca}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vì \(\frac{9}{3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Mà \(\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}+\frac{b^2}{b+\sqrt[3]{ca}}+\frac{c^2}{c+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\ge\frac{9}{3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}+\frac{b^2}{b+\sqrt[3]{ca}}+\frac{c^2}{c+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
Lời giải:
Từ \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\sqrt[3]{ab+bc+ac}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2+b^2+c^2)^3=(ab+bc+ac)^2\) (mũ $6$)
Mặt khác, theo hệ quả của BĐT AM-GM thì \(ab+bc+ac\leq a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Do đó, \((a^2+b^2+c^2)^3=(ab+bc+ac)^2\leq (a^2+b^2+c^2)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2+b^2+c^2)^2[(a^2+b^2+c^2)-1]\leq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\leq 1\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\geq ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq (a+b+c)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)^2\leq 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\leq 3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\leq \sqrt{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)