Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Ta đi chứng minh BĐT : \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge2\left(bc+ac-ab\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab-2bc-2ac\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a+b-c\right)^2\ge0\) luôn đúng.
\(\Rightarrow2\left(bc+ac-ab\right)\le\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bc+ac-ab\le\dfrac{5}{6}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}< \dfrac{1}{abc}\)
Câu 3. Dự đoán dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Dùng phương pháp chọn điểm rơi thôi :)
LG
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si được \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{27}\ge a^2b^2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{27}}\ge abc\)
Khi đó :\(B=a+b+c+\frac{1}{abc}\)
\(=a+b+c+\frac{1}{9abc}+\frac{8}{9abc}\)
\(\ge4\sqrt[4]{abc.\frac{1}{9abc}}+\frac{8}{9.\frac{1}{\sqrt{27}}}\)
\(=4\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{9}}+\frac{8\sqrt{27}}{9}=\frac{4}{\sqrt[4]{9}}+\frac{8}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{8}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{12}{\sqrt{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Vậy .........
2, \(A=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\)
\(A=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\)
\(A=\left[\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{\left(a+c\right)}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)}{4}\right]-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(A\ge2.\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{4}}+2.\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{4}}+2.\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{4}}-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}\)
\(A\ge a+b+c-\frac{6}{2}\)
\(A\ge6-3\)
\(A\ge3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}=\frac{b+c}{4}\Leftrightarrow4a^2=\left(b+c\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2a=b+c\)(1)
\(\frac{b^2}{a+c}=\frac{a+c}{4}\Leftrightarrow4b^2=\left(a+c\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2b=a+c\)(2)
\(\frac{c^2}{a+b}=\frac{a+b}{4}\Leftrightarrow4c^2=\left(a+b\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2c=a+b\)(3)
Lấy \(\left(1\right)-\left(3\right)\)ta có:
\(2a-2c=c+b-a-b=c-a\)
\(\Rightarrow2a-2c-c+a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3.\left(a-c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-c=0\Leftrightarrow a=c\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}b=c\\a=b\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=2\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=3\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)
Xét: \(\dfrac{a+1}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b+1}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c+1}{a^2+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+b-\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+c-\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}+1-\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}+1-\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+1}+1-\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)+3-\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}\right)\)
Xét \(3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\le\dfrac{ab^2}{2b}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\\\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{bc^2}{2c}=\dfrac{bc}{2}\\\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{ca^2}{2a}=\dfrac{ca}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\ge3-\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) ( 1 )
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\le3-\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) ( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 )
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( 3 )
Xét \(3-\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{a^2}{2a}=\dfrac{a}{2}\\\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+1}\le\dfrac{b^2}{2b}=\dfrac{b}{2}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{c^2}{2c}=\dfrac{c}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}\right)\ge3-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( 4 )
Từ ( 3 ) và ( 4 ) cộng theo từng vế
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+1}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b+1}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c+1}{a^2+1}\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow\) ( đpcm )
Thôi đang rảnh, giúp bạn bài này luôn vậy!!
Giải:
Ta có:
\(VT=\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{a^2}{a+b}\right)=A+B\)
\(A+3=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right]\left[\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right]\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{2}3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{a+b}\dfrac{1}{b+c}\dfrac{1}{c+a}}=\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(1^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+a}\right)\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1\le B.2\Leftrightarrow B\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Từ đó ta có: \(VT\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=2=VP\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{a+b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a^2}{a+b}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a\left(a+b+c\right)+b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b\left(a+b+c\right)+c^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b+c\right)+a^2}{a+b}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+ab+ac+b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab+b^2+bc+c^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{ca+bc+c^2+a^2}{a+b}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2+b\left(c+a\right)}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2+c\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{a+b}+1\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{a+b}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}}{b+c}+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(b^2+c^2\right)^2}}{c+a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(c^2+a^2\right)^2}}{a+b}\ge1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}}{b+c}+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(b^2+c^2\right)^2}}{c+a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(c^2+a^2\right)^2}}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}}{b+c}+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(b^2+c^2\right)^2}}{c+a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(c^2+a^2\right)^2}}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)^2}{2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Mincopski
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\ge\sqrt{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)^2\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)^2}{2}\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}}{b+c}+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(b^2+c^2\right)^2}}{c+a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(c^2+a^2\right)^2}}{a+b}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a^2}{a+b}\ge2\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+a^2+b^2}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2b^2+c^2}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{2c^2+a^2}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{c^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(L\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{3}{a^2}+\dfrac{3}{b^2}+\dfrac{3}{c^2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}\left[3\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)\right]=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
Lời giải:
Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM-GM thì:
\((a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{3})^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac\leq 1\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}\leq \frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ac}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}}\)
Hoàn toàn TT với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{a}{\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{(b+c)(b+a)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{(c+a)(c+b)}}\)
\(\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{b}{b+a}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{c+b}\right)\) (BĐT Cauchy)
hay \(\text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)(đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Bài 2:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}>2\)
Trước hết ta chứng minh \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\). Ta lại có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b+c}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Thiết lập các BĐT tương tự:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}\ge\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c};\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\ge2\)
Dấu "=" không xảy ra nên ta có ĐPCM
Lưu ý: lần sau đăng từng bài 1 thôi nhé !
1) Áp dụng liên tiếp bđt \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) với a;b là 2 số dương ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}}{4}\)\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}}{16}\)
TT: \(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}}{16}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}}{16}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}.\left(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)=1\left(đpcm\right)\)