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Đặt \(a=x^2;b=y^2;c=z^2\)khi đó ta được xyz=1 và biểu thức P viết được thành
\(P=\frac{1}{x^2+2y^2+3}+\frac{1}{y^2+2x^2+3}+\frac{1}{z^2+2x^2+3}\)
Ta có \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy;y^2+1\ge2y\Rightarrow x^2+2y^2+3\ge2\left(xy+y+1\right)\)
Do đó ta được \(\frac{1}{x^2+2y^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{xy+y+1}\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{1}{y^2+2z^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{yz+z+1};\frac{1}{z^2+2x^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{zx+z+1}\)
Cộng các vế BĐT trên ta được
\(P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{xy+y+1}+\frac{1}{yz+z+1}+\frac{1}{zx+x+1}\right)\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}=1\)
Do xyz=1 nên ta được
\(\frac{1}{xy+y+1}+\frac{1}{yz+z+1}+\frac{1}{zx+x+1}=\frac{zx}{z+1+zx}+\frac{x}{1+zx+z}+\frac{1}{zx+x+1}=1\)
Từ đó ta được
\(P\le\frac{1}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
Áp dụng Bđt \(\frac{4}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\) ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{c+1}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{bc}{a+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{bc}{b+a}+\frac{bc}{c+a}\right)\)\(;\)\(\frac{ac}{b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ac}{a+b}+\frac{ac}{c+b}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế ta được:
\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{ac}{c+b}\right)+\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{bc}{c+a}\right)+\left(\frac{bc}{b+a}+\frac{ac}{a+b}\right)\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\cdot\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu = khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\frac{a}{\sqrt{bc\left(1+a^2\right)}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{bc+a\left(a+b+c\right)}}=a\sqrt{\frac{1}{a+b}.\frac{1}{c+a}}\le\frac{\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}}{2}\)
Tương tự 2 cái còn lại cộng lại ta đc \(VT\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
Cach khac
Dat \(P=\frac{a}{\sqrt{bc\left(1+a^2\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{ca\left(1+b^2\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{ab\left(1+c^2\right)}}\)
Ta co:
\(a+b+c=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Dat \(\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{1}{b};\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{1+x^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{1+y^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{1+z^2}}\)
Ta lai co:
\(\sqrt{\frac{yz}{1+x^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{xy+yz+zx+x^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{z}{z+x}\right)\)
Tuong tu:
\(\sqrt{\frac{zx}{1+y^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{x}{x+y}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{xy}{1+z^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{z+x}+\frac{y}{y+z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x+y}{x+y}+\frac{y+z}{y+z}+\frac{z+x}{z+x}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
Vay \(P_{min}=\frac{3}{2}\)khi \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
We have:
\(M=1-\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+3}\)
Consider:
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+3}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+9}\)
Prove:
\(\frac{\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+9}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+27\)
Consider:
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\Sigma_{cyc}a^2+\Sigma_{cyc}ab\)
\(\Rightarrow4\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge4\Sigma_{cyc}a^2+4\Sigma_{cyc}ab\)
Now we need to prove:
\(4\Sigma_{cyc}a^2+4\Sigma_{cyc}ab=2\Sigma_{cyc}a^2+27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)^2=27\) (not fail)
\(\Rightarrow M\le\frac{1}{2}\)
Sign '=' happen when \(a=b=c=\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy :
\(\frac{1}{1+a}=\left(1-\frac{1}{1+b}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+c}\right)=\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{1}{1+b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ac}{\left(a+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}}\)
Nhân theo vế : \(\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge\frac{8abc}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\le\frac{1}{8}\)
Vậy Max abc = 1/8 khi a = b = c = 1/2
Ta có :(a+b-c)2 \(\ge\) 0
<=>a2+b2+c2 \(\ge\) 2(bc-ab+ac)
<=>\(\frac{5}{3}\ge\) 2(bc-ab+ac)
<=>bc+ac-ab \(\le\frac{5}{6}< 1\)
<=>\(\frac{bc+ac-ab}{abc}< \frac{1}{abc}\) (vì a,b,c>0 nên chia cả 2 vế cho abc)
<=>\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{c}< 1\) (đpcm)
a) x4+x3+2x2+x+1=(x4+x3+x2)+(x2+x+1)=x2(x2+x+1)+(x2+x+1)=(x2+x+1)(x2+1)
b)a3+b3+c3-3abc=a3+3ab(a+b)+b3+c3 -(3ab(a+b)+3abc)=(a+b)3+c3-3ab(a+b+c)
=(a+b+c)((a+b)2-(a+b)c+c2)-3ab(a+b+c)=(a+b+c)(a2+2ab+b2-ac-ab+c2-3ab)=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2-ab-ac-bc)
c)Đặt x-y=a;y-z=b;z-x=c
a+b+c=x-y-z+z-x=o
đưa về như bài b
d)nhóm 2 hạng tử đầu lại và 2hangj tử sau lại để 2 hạng tử sau ở trong ngoặc sau đó áp dụng hằng đẳng thức dề tính sau đó dặt nhân tử chung
e)x2(y-z)+y2(z-x)+z2(x-y)=x2(y-z)-y2((y-z)+(x-y))+z2(x-y)
=x2(y-z)-y2(y-z)-y2(x-y)+z2(x-y)=(y-z)(x2-y2)-(x-y)(y2-z2)=(y-z)(x2-2y2+xy+xz+yz)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}=\left(1-\frac{1}{1+b}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+c}\right)=\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\) (1)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{1+b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ac}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}}\) (2)
\(\frac{1}{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}}\) (3)
Từ (1) (2) và (3)
=> \(\frac{1}{1+a}\cdot\frac{1}{1+b}\cdot\frac{1}{1+c}\ge8\sqrt{\frac{\left(abc\right)^2}{\left[\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\right]^2}}=8\cdot\frac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\)
=> \(1\ge8abc\)
=> \(abc\le\frac{1}{8}\)
Vậy GTLN là 1/8 khi x = y=z = 1/2