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Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số không âm, ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{4}+\frac{a+b}{4}+\frac{c+a}{4}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b+c}.\frac{b+c}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{c+a}.\frac{c+a}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{a+b}.\frac{a+b}{4}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(a+b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{b\left(a+b+c\right)}{c+a}+\frac{c\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Bạn tự chứng minh BĐT phụ: \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\) \(x;y;z>0\)
Áp dụng, ta có:
\(\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right]\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
BĐT
<=> \(\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac}{3\left(ac+bc+ac\right)}\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\)
<=>\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{a\left(a\left(b+c\right)+bc\right)}{b+c}+...\right)\)
<=> \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{abc}{b+c}+\frac{abc}{a+c}+\frac{abc}{a+b}\right)\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{abc}{b+c}+\frac{abc}{a+c}+\frac{abc}{a+b}\right)\)
Mà \(\frac{abc}{b+c}\le abc.\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(ab+bc\right)\)
Khi đó BĐT
<=>\(\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\right)\)
=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)(luôn đúng )
=> ĐPCM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
Cách này chủ yếu biến đổi tương đương nên chắc phù hợp với lớp 8
Nếu sử dụng SOS nhìn vào sẽ làm đc liền vì có Nesbitt lẫn \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ac}\)
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)
Dấu ''='' chỉ xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
Bài 1: diendantoanhoc.net
Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\) BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành
\(\frac{x}{\sqrt{3zx+2yz}}+\frac{x}{\sqrt{3xy+2xz}}+\frac{x}{\sqrt{3yz+2xy}}\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{\sqrt{5z}\cdot\sqrt{3x+2y}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{5x}\cdot\sqrt{3y+2z}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{5y}\cdot\sqrt{3z+2x}}\ge\frac{3}{5}\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM và Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\( {\displaystyle \displaystyle \sum }\)\(_{cyc}\frac{x}{\sqrt{5z}\cdot\sqrt{3x+2y}}\ge2\)\( {\displaystyle \displaystyle \sum }\)\(\frac{x}{3x+2y+5z}\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x\left(3x+2y+5z\right)+y\left(5x+3y+2z\right)+z\left(2x+5y+3z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+7\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\frac{20}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+\frac{20}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{5\left[x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]}=\frac{3}{5}\)
Bổ sung bài 1:
BĐT được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=c
\(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{b}+b+\frac{b^2}{c}+c+\frac{c^2}{a}+a-a-b-c\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2b}{b}}+2\sqrt{\frac{b^2c}{c}}+2\sqrt{\frac{c^2a}{a}}-a-b-c\)
\(=2a+2b+2c-a-b-c=a+b+c\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi a=b=c
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engle ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}=a+b+c\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(A=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
=> \(A+3=\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right]\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{2}.3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a+b}.\frac{1}{b+c}.\frac{1}{c+a}}=\frac{9}{2}\) (AM - GM)
=> \(A\ge\frac{9}{2}-3=\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Đặt \(A=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(A=\frac{a^2}{ba+ca}+\frac{b^2}{cb+ba}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-schwarz ta có:
\(A=\frac{a^2}{ba+ca}+\frac{b^2}{cb+ba}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Ta c/m BĐT phụ \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}.\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)( tự c/m)
Áp dụng:
\(A\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2.\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{1}{\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
đpcm
Tham khảo nhé~