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Theo T/C dãy tỉ số bằng nhau
\(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}=\frac{a+b+b+c+c+a}{a+b+c}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
\(\frac{a+b}{c}=2\Rightarrow a+b=2c\)
Tương tự ta có
\(b+c=2a\)
\(c+a=2b\)
Xét \(P=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=\left(\frac{a+b}{b}\right)\left(\frac{b+c}{c}\right)\left(\frac{c+a}{a}\right)\)
\(P=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}=\frac{2a\cdot2b\cdot2c}{abc}=8\)
Lời giải \(B=\left(1+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}+2=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}+2=\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}+2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi \(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\a+c=-b\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow B=\dfrac{-abc}{abc}=-1\)
Khi \(a=b=c\Leftrightarrow B=\dfrac{8abc}{abc}=8\)
b)\(\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{b+c}{a}\) và \(\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{a+b}{c}=1+\dfrac{b+c}{a}\)và \(1+\dfrac{b+c}{a}=1 +\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{c}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{a}{a}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}\)và \(\dfrac{a}{a}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{b}{b}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}\)và \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{c}-\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)=0\)
và \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}-\dfrac{a+b+c}{b}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}\right)=0\)
+) Vì a,b,c đôi một khác 0
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\)
\(\rightarrow a+b=\left(-c\right)\)
\(\rightarrow a+c=\left(-b\right)\)
\(\rightarrow b+c=\left(-a\right)\)
+) Ta có:
\(M=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{b}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{b+c}{a}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{c+a}{c}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-c}{b}\cdot\dfrac{-a}{c}\cdot\dfrac{-b}{a}\)
\(=\left(-1\right)\)
Câu 1:
\(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}=1+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)
Để A nguyên =>x là số chính phương và \(\sqrt{x}-3\) là ước của 4
Mà Ư(4)={-4;-2;-1;1;2;4}
\(\sqrt{x}-3=-4\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=-1\Rightarrow\) không có x thỏa mãn
\(\sqrt{x}-3=-2\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=1\Rightarrow x=1\)
\(\sqrt{x}-3=-1\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=2\Rightarrow x=4\)
\(\sqrt{x}-3=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=4\Rightarrow x=16\)
\(\sqrt{x}-3=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=5\Rightarrow x=25\)
\(\sqrt{x}-3=4\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=7\Rightarrow x=49\)
Vậy \(x=1;4;16;25;49\) thì A nguyên
Câu 2:
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{a+c}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+a+c+a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{a+c}{b}=\dfrac{a+b}{c}=1\div\dfrac{1}{2}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow P=2+2+2=6\)
Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau :
\(\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{c+a}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+b+c+c+a}{c+a+b}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)(a,b,c # 0 nên a + b + c # 0 )
Từ \(\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
=> \(\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}\)
Áp dụng ....
\(\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{c+a+b}{a+b+b+c+c+a}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)(a + b + c # 0 )
Ta có : \(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}+2\)
\(A=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
Vậy \(A=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{a+c}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+a+c+a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Do \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow b+c=2a\) (1)
\(\dfrac{b}{a+c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow a+c=2b\) (2)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow a+b=2c\) (3)
Thay (1); (2) và (3) vào \(P\) ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{2a}{a}+\dfrac{2b}{b}+\dfrac{2c}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=2+2+2=6\)
Vậy \(P=6.\)
+) Xét \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow\left[\begin{matrix}b+c=-a\\a+c=-b\\a+b=-c\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(P=\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{-a}{a}+\frac{-b}{b}+\frac{-c}{c}=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)=-3\)
+) Xét \(a+b+c\ne0\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{a+c}=\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{2a+2b+2c}=\frac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{a+b}{b}=\frac{a+b}{c}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}=2+2+2=6\)
Vậy P = -3 hoặc P = 6
Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{a+c}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+a+c+a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Do \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow b+c=2a\) (1)
\(\dfrac{b}{a+c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow a+c=2b\) (2)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow a+b=2c\) (3)
Thay (1); (2) và (3) vào \(P\) ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{2a}{a}+\dfrac{2b}{b}+\dfrac{2c}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=2+2+2=6\)
Vậy \(P=6.\)
mk còn cách khác