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Ta chứng minh: \(\sqrt{a+bc}\ge a+\sqrt{bc}\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(a+bc\ge a^2+2a\sqrt{bc}+bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\ge a^2+2a\sqrt{bc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1\ge a+2\sqrt{bc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge a+2\sqrt{bc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\)(Đúng theo Cauchy)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{b+ca}\ge b+\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\sqrt{c+ab}\ge c+\sqrt{ab}\)
Cộng vế theo vế các BĐT vừa chứng minh ta được đpcm.
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\text{a) }\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\left(1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{2}-\sqrt{ab}\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{2}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{ab}}{2}\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b-2\sqrt{ab}}{2}\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{2}\ge0\left(2\right)\)
BDT (2) luôn đúng \(\forall x\) nên BDT (1) luôn đúng \(\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{b}\\ \Leftrightarrow a=b\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\) đẳng thức xảy ra khi: \(a=b\)
b) Áp dụng BDT Cô-si có:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\\ \dfrac{a+c}{2}\ge\sqrt{ac}\\ \dfrac{b+c}{2}\ge\sqrt{bc}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{2}+\dfrac{a+c}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+a+c+b+c}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\\ \Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\)
Vậy \(a+b+c\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\) đẳng thức xảy ra khi : \(a=b=c\)
b) \(a+b+c\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge2\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{bc}+2\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\sqrt{ab}+b\right)+\left(b-2\sqrt{bc}+c\right)+\left(c-2\sqrt{ca}+a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{c}-\sqrt{a}\right)^2\ge0\)
Vì BĐT cuối luôn đúng mà các phép biến đổi trên là tương đương nên BĐT ban đầu luôn đúng
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
c) \(a+b+\frac{1}{2}\ge\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\sqrt{a}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(b-\sqrt{b}+\frac{1}{4}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
Vì bđt cuối luôn đúng mà các phép biến đôi trên là tương đương nên bđt ban đầu luôn đúng
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{4}\)
áp dụng cô si ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\\b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\\c+a\ge2\sqrt{ca}\end{matrix}\right.\)
cộng quế theo quế ta có : \(2a+2b+2c\ge2\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{bc}+2\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\)
Cách khác :3
\(a+b+c\text{≥}\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\)
⇔ \(2\left(a+b+c\right)\text{≥}2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\right)\)
⇔ \(a-2\sqrt{ab}+b+b-2\sqrt{bc}+c+c-2\sqrt{ac}+a\text{ ≥}0\)
⇔\(\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2\text{≥}0\left(luôn-đg\right)\)
\("="\text{⇔}a=b=c\)
a/
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{c}-\sqrt{a}\right)^2\right]\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c.
b/ Áp dụng câu a.
\(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a}.\frac{ca}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b}.\frac{ab}{c}}+\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c}.\frac{bc}{a}}=a+b+c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c.
Trả lời:
a. Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si: x + y\(\ge\) \(2\sqrt{xy}\) (với x,y\(\ge\)0)
Ta có: a + b\(\ge\)\(2\sqrt{ab}\)
b+c\(\ge\)\(2\sqrt{bc}\)
c+a\(\ge\)\(2\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) (a+b)(b+c)(c+a) \(\ge\)\(8\sqrt{a^2b^2c^2}\)= 8abc (đpcm)
b. Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si: \(\sqrt{ab}\)\(\le\)\(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\) ( với a,b\(\ge\)0)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{3a\left(a+2b\right)}\)\(\le\)\(\dfrac{3a+a+2b}{2}\)=\(\dfrac{4a+2b}{2}\)=2a+b
\(\Rightarrow\) \(a\sqrt{3a\left(a+2b\right)}\)\(\le\)a(2a+b) = 2a2+ab
CMTT: \(b\sqrt{3b\left(b+2a\right)}\)\(\le\)b(2b+a) = 2b2+ab
\(\rightarrow\)\(a\sqrt{3a\left(a+2b\right)}\)+\(b\sqrt{3b\left(2b+a\right)}\)\(\le\) 2a2+ab+2b2+ab
= 2(a2+b2)+2ab =6(đpcm)
c. Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si với 3 số a+b; b+c;c+a
Ta có: (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\(\le\)\(\left(\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 1 \(\le\) \(\dfrac{8}{27}\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b+c)3 \(\ge\) \(\dfrac{8}{27}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a+b+c \(\ge\) \(\dfrac{3}{2}\) (1)
Lại có: (a+b)(b+c)(c+a) = (a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca) -abc
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 1= (a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca) - abc
\(\Leftrightarrow\) ab+bc+ca = \(\dfrac{1+abc}{a+b+c}\) (2)
Theo câu a. (a+b)(b+c)(c+a) \(\ge\) 8abc
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 1 \(\ge\) 8abc
\(\Leftrightarrow\) abc \(\le\)\(\dfrac{1}{8}\) (3)
Từ (1),(3) kết hợp với (2)
\(\Rightarrow\) ab+bc+ca \(\le\) \(\dfrac{1+\dfrac{1}{8}}{\dfrac{3}{2}}\) = \(\dfrac{3}{4}\) (đpcm)
Biến đổi tương đương:
\(2a+2b+2c\ge2\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{bc}+2\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-2\sqrt{ab}+b+b-2\sqrt{bc}+c+c-2\sqrt{ca}+a\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{c}-\sqrt{a}\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
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a) \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
(Luôn đúng)
Vậy ta có đpcm.
Đẳng thức khi \(a=b=c\)
b) \(a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2\ge2ab+2a+2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2b+1+a^2-2a+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\)
(Luôn đúng)
Vậy ta có đpcm
Đẳng thức khi \(a=b=1\)
Các bài tiếp theo tương tự :v
g) \(a^2\left(1+b^2\right)+b^2\left(1+c^2\right)+c^2\left(1+a^2\right)=a^2+a^2b^2+b^2+b^2c^2+c^2+c^2a^2\ge6\sqrt[6]{a^2.a^2b^2.b^2.b^2c^2.c^2.c^2a^2}=6abc\)
i) \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{b}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{bc}};\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ca}}\)
Cộng vế theo vế rồi rút gọn cho 2, ta được đpcm
j) Tương tự bài i), áp dụng Cauchy, cộng vế theo vế rồi rút gọn được đpcm