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Bài 2. a/ \(1\le a,b,c\le3\) \(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right).\left(a-3\right)\le0\) , \(\left(b-1\right)\left(b-3\right)\le0\), \(\left(c-1\right).\left(c-3\right)\le0\)
Cộng theo vế : \(a^2+b^2+c^2\le4a+4b+4c-9\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+9}{4}=7\)
Vậy min E = 7 tại chẳng hạn, x = y = 3, z = 1
b/ Ta có : \(x+2y+z=\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
Tương tự : \(y+2z+x\ge2\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\) , \(z+2y+x\ge2\sqrt{\left(z+y\right)\left(y+x\right)}\)
Nhân theo vế : \(\left(x+2y+z\right)\left(y+2z+x\right)\left(z+2y+x\right)\ge8\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\) hay
\(\left(x+2y+z\right)\left(y+2z+x\right)\left(z+2y+x\right)\ge64\)
Ta có :(a+b-c)2 \(\ge\) 0
<=>a2+b2+c2 \(\ge\) 2(bc-ab+ac)
<=>\(\frac{5}{3}\ge\) 2(bc-ab+ac)
<=>bc+ac-ab \(\le\frac{5}{6}< 1\)
<=>\(\frac{bc+ac-ab}{abc}< \frac{1}{abc}\) (vì a,b,c>0 nên chia cả 2 vế cho abc)
<=>\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{c}< 1\) (đpcm)
Ta có: \(a+b+c=1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=1-b-c\\b=1-a-c\\c=1-a-b\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ab+c\right)\left(bc+a\right)\left(ac+b\right)\)\(=\left(ab+1-a-b\right)\left(bc+1-b-c\right)\left(ac+1-a-c\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(ab-a\right)-\left(b-1\right)\right]\left[\left(bc-b\right)-\left(c-1\right)\right]\left[\left(ac-c\right)-\left(a-1\right)\right]\)
\(=\left[a\left(b-1\right)-\left(b-1\right)\right]\left[b\left(c-1\right)-\left(c-1\right)\right]\left[c\left(a-1\right)-\left(a-1\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(a-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\)
\(=\left(a-1\right)^2\left(b-1\right)^2\left(c-1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(1-a\right)^2\left(1-b\right)^2\left(1-c\right)^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a+1}{1+b^2}=a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{1+b^2}\ge a+1-\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{2}=a+1-\frac{ab}{2}-\frac{b}{2}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại cũng có:
\(\frac{b+1}{1+c^2}\ge b+1-\frac{bc}{2}-\frac{c}{2};\frac{c+1}{1+a^2}\ge a+1-\frac{ac}{2}-\frac{a}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}-\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\ge6-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{2}-\frac{3}{2}=3=VP\)
Khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+2b}\ge\frac{9}{\sqrt{\left(1+2\right)\left(a^2+2b^2\right)}}\)
\(>\frac{9}{\sqrt{3\cdot3c^2}}=\frac{9}{3c}=\frac{3}{c}=VP\)