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Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
Có: \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)( bạn tự c/m nhé )
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b=c
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{a^4}{b+3c}+\frac{b^4}{c+3a}+\frac{c^4}{a+3b}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\right]^2}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{36}\ge\frac{27}{36}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1 ( bạn tự giải rõ ra nhé )
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta có :
\(\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Ta có : \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge3\) ( tự chứng minh ạ )
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cachy Schwarz ta có :
\(\frac{a^4}{b+3c}+\frac{b^4}{c+3a}+\frac{c^4}{a+3b}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}\) \(\ge\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\right]^2}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{36}\)
\(\ge\frac{27}{36}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\) ( bạn tự giải rõ ạ )
\(VP=\frac{6}{\sqrt{\left(3a+bc\right)\left(3b+ca\right)\left(3c+ab\right)}}\)
\(=\frac{6}{\sqrt{\left[\left(a+b+c\right)a+bc\right]\left[\left(a+b+c\right)b+ca\right]\left[\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab\right]}}\)
\(=\frac{6}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+1\right)^2}}=\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{3a+bc}+\frac{1}{3b+ca}+\frac{1}{3c+ab}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\left(a+b+c\right)a+bc}+\frac{1}{\left(a+b+c\right)b+ac}+\frac{1}{\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b+c\right)+\left(a+c\right)+\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Vậy VT = VP, đẳng thức được chứng minh
Thay \(a+b+c=3\) ta được:
\(VT=\frac{1}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}+\frac{1}{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ca}+\frac{1}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2+ab+ac+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{c^2+ca+bc+ab}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{b\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{c\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{b+c+a+c+a+b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{\sqrt{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\right].\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\right].\left[\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\right]}}\)
\(=\frac{6}{\sqrt{\left(3a+bc\right)\left(3b+ca\right)\left(3c+ab\right)}}=VP\) (Do \(a+b+c=3\))
=> ĐPCM.
a) Chứng minh được BĐT \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)(*)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b
Áp dụng BĐT (*) vào bài toán ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{2x+y+z}=\frac{1}{x+y+x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)\\\frac{1}{x+2y+z}=\frac{1}{x+y+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\\\frac{1}{x+y+2z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\cdot2\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT (*) ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right);\frac{1}{y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right);\frac{1}{z+x}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\cdot2\cdot\frac{1}{4}\cdot2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=1\)
\(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(x=y=z=\frac{3}{4}\)
b) áp dụng bđt \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\frac{4}{a+b-c+b+c-a}=\frac{4}{2b}=\frac{2}{b}\\\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\frac{4}{b+c-a+a+c-b}=\frac{4}{2c}=\frac{2}{c}\\\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b-c+a+c-b}=\frac{4}{2a}=\frac{2}{a}\end{cases}}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT ta có:
\(2VT\ge\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}=2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=2VP\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=c
1.
\(P=\frac{a^4}{abc}+\frac{b^4}{abc}+\frac{c^4}{abc}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a+b+c}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
\(P=\sum\frac{a^2}{ab+2ac+3ad}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4.\frac{3}{8}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=\frac{2}{3}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=d\)
1. Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}=m\\\frac{1}{b}=n\\\frac{1}{c}=p\end{cases}}\) khi đó \(\hept{\begin{cases}m+n+p=3\\M=2\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+mnp\end{cases}}\)
Áp dụng Cauchy ta được:
\(\left(m+n-p\right)\left(m-n+p\right)\le\left(\frac{m+n-p+m-n+p}{2}\right)^2=m^2\)
\(\left(n+p-m\right)\left(n+m-p\right)\le n^2\)
\(\left(p-n+m\right)\left(p-m+n\right)\le p^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(m+n-p\right)\left(n+p-m\right)\left(p+m-n\right)\le mnp\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^3+n^3+p^3+3mnp\ge m^2n+mn^2+n^2p+np^2+p^2m+pm^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m+n+p\right)\left(m^2+n^2+p^2-mn-np-pm\right)+6mnp\ge mn\left(m-n\right)+np\left(n-p\right)+pm\left(p-m\right)\)
\(=mn\left(3-p\right)+np\left(3-m\right)+pm\left(3-n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)-3\left(mn+np+pm\right)+6mnp\ge3\left(mn+np+pm\right)-3mnp\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+9mnp\ge6\left(mn+np+pm\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)-\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge2\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)-\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)\)
\(=\frac{5}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)\)
\(=\frac{4}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2+2mn+2np+2pm\right)\)
\(=\frac{4}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(m+n+p\right)^2\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{3}\cdot3+\frac{1}{3}\cdot3^2=4+3=7\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(m=n=p=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)