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Từ \(\dfrac{a-\left(c-b\right)}{b-c}+\dfrac{b-\left(a-c\right)}{c-a}+\dfrac{c-\left(b-a\right)}{a-b}=3\)
\(=>\dfrac{a}{b-c}+1+\dfrac{b}{c-a}+1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}+1=3\)
\(=>\dfrac{a}{b-c}-\dfrac{b}{a-c}-\dfrac{c}{b-a}=0\)
\(=>\dfrac{a}{b-c}=\dfrac{b}{a-c}+\dfrac{c}{b-a}=\dfrac{b^2-ab+ac-c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
Nhân cả 2 vế với \(\dfrac{1}{b-c}\) ta được
\(\dfrac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}=\dfrac{b^2-ab+ac-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\dfrac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\dfrac{c^2-bc+bc-a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\dfrac{a^2-ca+cb-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng theo vế (1);(2);(3) ta có ĐPCM
CHÚC BẠN HỌC TỐT.........
e)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)
=> ĐPCM
2a)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+a+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Mà \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2b)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\\1+b^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\1+c^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{b}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{c}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1)
Nháp : nhìn nhanh ta thấy nên áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Giải
Vì x,y > 0 =) 2x + y > 0 , x + 2y > 0
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy dạng phân thức cho hai bộ số không âm \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\)và\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+2y}+\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+2y+2x+y}=\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}=4\)
Dấu '' = "xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x + 2y = y + 2x (=) x=y
ab−c−ba−c−cb−a=0=>ab−c−ba−c−cb−a=0
=>ab−c=ba−c+cb−a=b2−ab+ac−c2(c−a)(a−b)=>ab−c=ba−c+cb−a=b2−ab+ac−c2(c−a)(a−b)
Nhân cả 2 vế với 1b−c1b−c ta được
a(b−c)2=b2−ab+ac−c2(a−b)(b−c)(c−a)(1)a(b−c)2=b2−ab+ac−c2(a−b)(b−c)(c−a)(1)
Tương tự ta có:
b(c−a)2=c2−bc+bc−a2(a−b)(b−c)(c−a)(2)b(c−a)2=c2−bc+bc−a2(a−b)(b−c)(c−a)(2)
c(a−b)2=a2−ca+cb−c2(a−b)(b−c)(c−a)(3)c(a−b)2=a2−ca+cb−c2(a−b)(b−c)(c−a)(3)
Cộng theo vế (1);(2);(3) ta có ĐPCM
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}=0\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{-b}{c-a}+\frac{-c}{a-b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{-b(a-b)-c(c-a)}{(a-b)(c-a)}=\frac{b^2+ca-c^2-ab}{(a-b)(c-a)}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{(b-c)^2}=\frac{b^2+ca-c^2-ab}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{b}{(c-a)^2}=\frac{c^2+ab-a^2-bc}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}\)
\(\frac{c}{(a-b)^2}=\frac{a^2+bc-b^2-ac}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}\)
Cộng theo vế các đẳng thức vừa thu được ta có:
\(\frac{a}{(b-c)^2}+\frac{b}{(c-a)^2}+\frac{c}{(a-b)^2}=\frac{b^2+ac-c^2-ab+c^2+ab-a^2-bc+a^2+bc-b^2-ac}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}=0\)
Ta có đpcm.
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)+b^2\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)+c^2\left(\dfrac{1}{c+a}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)+b^2\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(c^2-a^2\right)+b^2\left(a^2-b^2\right)+c^2\left(b^2-c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c^2+a^2b^2+b^2c^2-a^4-b^4-c^4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^4+2b^4+2c^4-2a^2b^2-2a^2c^2-2b^2c^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2+\left(a^2-c^2\right)^2+\left(b^2-c^2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2-b^2=0\\a^2-c^2=0\\b^2-c^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)=0\\\left(a-c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\\\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\a-c=0\\b-c=0\end{matrix}\right.\) (do \(\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\ne0\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b\ne0\\a+c\ne0\\b+c\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\))
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Lời giải:
Sử dụng pp biến đổi tương đương:
a) \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\geq \frac{(a+b)^2}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 4(a^2+b^2)\geq 2(a+b)^2\Leftrightarrow 4(a^2+b^2)\geq 2(a^2+2ab+b^2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2)\geq 4ab\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2-2ab)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(a-b)^2\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm. Dấu bằng xẩy ra khi $a=b$
c)
\(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\geq \left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\) \(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq (a+b+c)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2-2ab+b^2)+(b^2-2bc+c^2)+(c^2-2ac+a^2)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
b) \(\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^4\)
Áp dụng 2 lần BĐT phần a: \(\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\right)^2(1)\)
Và: \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\Rightarrow \left(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\right)^2\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^4(2)\)
Từ \((1); (2)\Rightarrow \frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^4\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{2}{a-b}\)+\(\dfrac{2}{b-c}\)+\(\dfrac{2}{c-a}\)
= (\(\dfrac{1}{a-b}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{c-a}\))+(\(\dfrac{1}{b-c}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{a-b}\))+(\(\dfrac{1}{c-a}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{b-c}\))
=(\(\dfrac{1}{a-b}\)- \(\dfrac{1}{a-c}\))+(\(\dfrac{1}{b-c}\)- \(\dfrac{1}{b-a}\))+(\(\dfrac{1}{c-a}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{c-b}\))
=\(\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right).\left(a-c\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)-\left(b-c\right)}{\left(b-a\right).\left(b-c\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{\left(c-b\right)-\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c-b\right).\left(c-a\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{a-c-a+b}{\left(a-b\right).\left(a-c\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{b-a-b+c}{\left(b-a\right).\left(b-c\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{c-b-c+a}{\left(c-b\right).\left(c-a\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{-c+b}{\left(a-b\right).\left(a-c\right)}\)+ \(\dfrac{-a+c}{\left(b-a\right).\left(b-c\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{-b+a}{\left(c-b\right).\left(c-a\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right).\left(a-c\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{c-a}{\left(b-a\right).\left(b-c\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{a-b}{\left(c-b\right).\left(c-a\right)}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt.
B1:
\(ab+bc+ca\le a^2+b^2+c^2< 2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Xét hiệu:
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\)
\(=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\)
=> BĐT luôn đúng
*
Ta có:
\(a< b+c\Rightarrow a^2< ab+ac\)
\(b< a+c\Rightarrow b^2< ab+ac\)
\(c< a+b\Rightarrow a^2< ac+bc\)
Cộng từng vế bất đẳng thức ta được:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2< 2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Vậy: \(ab+bc+ca\le a^2+b^2+c^2< 2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
B2:
Ta có: \(a+b>c\) ; \(b+c>a\); \(a+c>b\)
Xét:\(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{a+b+a+b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c+b}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{b+c+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{a+c+a+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)
Suy ra:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}>\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)
=> ĐPCM
d) \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\) \(\ge\) \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)
<=> \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\) \(\ge\) \(\dfrac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{4}\)
<=> 4(a2 + b2 ) \(\ge\) 2 ( a2 + 2ab + b2 )
<=> 4a2 + 4b2 \(\ge\) 2a2 + 4ab +2b2
<=> 4a2 + 4b2 - 2a2 - 4ab - 2b2 \(\ge\) 0
<=> 2a2 - 4ab + 2b2 \(\ge\) 0
<=> a2 -2ab +b2 \(\ge\) 0
<=> (a-b)2 \(\ge\) 0 ( luôn đúng)
=> \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\) \(\ge\) \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)
Và dấu bằng xảy ra <=> a = b
e) Làm tương tự nhé! Có gì ko hiểu thì hỏi lại mk! Ok??
Cho 3 số dương a, b, c. Chứng minh:\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{c+a}\le3\left(\dfrac{a^2+... - Hoc24
tham khảo ^^