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Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=x\\b-c=y\\c-a=z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2.0}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{zx}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(=\left|\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right|\in Q\)
Ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\left(a-b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
Vì \(a,b,c\in Q\)
\(\Rightarrow A\in Q\)
Đặt \(a-b=x,b-c=y,c-a=z\). \(\Rightarrow x+y+z=a-b+b-c+c-a=0\)
Xét \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}=A\)
Khi đó A bằng giá trị tuyệt đối của \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\) là số hữu tỉ
Biến đổi tương đương: Để ý rằng : \(a^2-\frac{a\left(b^2+c^2\right)}{b+c}=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)+ac\left(a-c\right)}{b+c}\)
cứ như vậy, nhóm lại . sẽ có một biểu thức: \(ab\left(a-b\right)\left[\frac{1}{b+c}-\frac{1}{a+c}\right]=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\ge0\)
Mấy cái còn lại cũng vậy.
Đề viết mệt quá nên thay \(\sqrt{a}=a;\sqrt{b}=b;\sqrt{c}=c\) viết lại đề tiện thể sửa đề luôn.
\(a^2+b^2=\left(a+b-c\right)^2\)
Chứng minh:
\(\frac{a^2+\left(a-c\right)^2}{b^2+\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{a-c}{b-c}\)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2=\left(a+b-c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c^2-2ac-2bc+2ab=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{c^2-2bc}{2c-2b}\)
Thế vô bài toán ta được
\(VT=\frac{\left(\frac{c^2-2bc}{2c-2b}\right)^2+\left(\frac{c^2-2bc}{2c-2b}-c\right)^2}{b^2+\left(b-c\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{c^2-2bc}{2c-2b}\right)^2+\left(\frac{c^2-2bc}{2c-2b}-c\right)^2}{b^2+\left(b-c\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{c^2-2bc}{2c-2b}\right)^2+\left(c^2\right)^2}{b^2+\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{2c^2\left(2b^2+c^2-2bc\right)}{\left(2b^2+c^2-2bc\right)4\left(c-b\right)^2}=\frac{c^2}{2\left(c-b\right)^2}\)
Ta lại có:
\(VP=\frac{\frac{c^2-2bc}{2c-2b}-c}{b-c}=\frac{-c^2}{-2\left(c-b\right)^2}=\frac{c^2}{2\left(c-b\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)ĐOCM
theo bài ra ta có: \(c^2+2ab-2bc-2ca=0.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(c^2+ab-bc-ca\right)=c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)=c^2\)
Mặt khác: \(\frac{a^2+\left(a-c\right)^2}{b^2+\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{2a^2-2ac+c^2}{2b^2-2bc+c^2}=\frac{2a\left(a-c\right)+2\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{2b\left(b-c\right)+2\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b+a-c\right)}=\frac{a-c}{b-c}\) => đpcm
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(a+c\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\right)\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(a+c\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\)
Theo BĐT Nesbitt thì : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, chuẩn hóa a + b + c = 3 \(\Rightarrow0< a,b,c< 3\)
Khi đó bất đẳng thức tương đương với: \(\frac{a}{\left(3-a\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(3-b\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(3-c\right)^2}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Xét BĐT phụ: \(\frac{x}{\left(3-x\right)^2}\ge\frac{2x-1}{4}\)với \(x\in\left(0;3\right)\)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(-2x+9\right)}{4\left(3-x\right)^2}\ge0\)(đúng với mọi \(x\in\left(0;3\right)\))
Áp dụng, ta được: \(\frac{a}{\left(3-a\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(3-b\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(3-c\right)^2}\ge\frac{2a-1}{4}+\frac{2b-1}{4}+\frac{2c-1}{4}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)-3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\left(q.e.d\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
Cần chứng minh BĐT khác
\(\frac{a^3-b^3}{\left(a-b\right)^3}+\frac{b^3-c^3}{\left(b-c\right)^3}+\frac{c^3-a^3}{\left(c-a\right)^3}\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\frac{3\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge2\)
Vậy chứng minh BĐT đầu bài quay ra chứng minh BĐT dòng đầu
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}-1+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(b-c\right)^2}-1+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(c-a\right)^2}-1\ge-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4ab}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{4bc}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{4ca}{\left(a-c\right)^2}\ge-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3ab}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{3bc}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{3ca}{\left(a-c\right)^2}\ge-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3ab}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+1+\frac{3bc}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+1+\frac{3ca}{\left(a-c\right)^2}+1\ge3-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{b^2+bc+c^2}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{c^2+ac+c^2}{\left(a-c\right)^2}\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3-b^3}{\left(a-b\right)^3}+\frac{b^3-c^3}{\left(b-c\right)^3}+\frac{c^3-a^3}{\left(a-c\right)^3}\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
BĐT cuối đúng nên ta có ĐPCM
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