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Câu 2)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+1+a+1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
Ta có \(a+b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{\left(a+1\right)b+a+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{ab+b+a+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
Ta có \(a+b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{ab+2}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\ge4\left(ab+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge4ab+8\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge4ab\)
Do \(a+b=1\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (đpcm )
Câu 3)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge9\)
Mà \(a+b+c=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\\\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\sqrt[3]{abc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9.\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\) (điều này luôn luôn đúng)
\(\Rightarrow\) ĐPCM
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2b^2}{b^2c^2}}\ge\frac{2a}{c}\) ; \(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2c}{b}\) ; \(\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2b}{a}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2. \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc.ac}{ab}}=2c\) ; \(\frac{ac}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge2a\) ; \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge2b\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
a) Giả sử:
\(\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{4}\ge ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{4}-ab\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng )
=> đpcm
b, Bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho các cặp số dương \(\frac{bc}{a}\)và \(\frac{ca}{b};\frac{bc}{a}\)và \(\frac{ab}{c};\frac{ca}{b}\)và \(\frac{ab}{c}\)
Ta lần lượt có : \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\ge\sqrt[2]{\frac{bc}{a}.\frac{ca}{b}}=2c;\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge\sqrt[2]{\frac{bc}{a}.\frac{ab}{c}}=2b;\frac{ca}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge\sqrt[2]{\frac{ca}{b}.\frac{ab}{c}}\)
Cộng từng vế ta đc bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh . Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
c, Với các số dương \(3a\) và \(5b\), Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có \(\frac{3a+5b}{2}\ge\sqrt{3a.5b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3a+5b\right)^2\ge4.15P\)( Vì \(P=a.b\))
\(\Leftrightarrow12^2\ge60P\)\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{12}{5}\Rightarrow maxP=\frac{12}{5}\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(3a=5b=12:2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=2;b=\frac{6}{5}\)
\(a+b=4ab\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=4\Rightarrow4\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow a+b\ge1\)
\(\frac{a}{4b^2+1}+\frac{b}{4a^2+1}=\frac{a\left(4b^2+1\right)-4ab^2}{4b^2+1}+\frac{b\left(4a^2+1\right)-4a^2b}{4a^2+1}\)
\(=a-\frac{4ab^2}{4b^2+1}+b-\frac{4a^2b}{4a^2+1}\)
\(=a+b-\left(\frac{ab^2}{4b^2+1}+\frac{4a^2b}{4a^2+1}\right)\)
\(\ge a+b-\left(\frac{4ab^2}{4b}+\frac{4a^2b}{4a}\right)=a+b-2ab\)
Ta có: \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Rightarrow-\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\le-2ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b-2ab\ge a+b-\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}=1-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
4.
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}=\frac{a^4}{ab}+\frac{b^4}{bc}+\frac{c^4}{ac}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
5.
\(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{bc.ca}}=\frac{2}{c}\) ; \(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{b}\) ; \(\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
1.
Áp dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{ab}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{bc}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{ca}\right)^2\ge\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}.\sqrt{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge\sqrt{abc}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
2.
\(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}\ge2\sqrt[]{\frac{ab.bc}{ca}}=2b\) ; \(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2a\) ; \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2c\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
3.
Từ câu b, thay \(c=1\) ta được:
\(ab+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\ge a+b+1\)
Lời giải:
Ta thấy:
\(\text{VT}=(a+\frac{ca}{a+b})+(b+\frac{ab}{b+c})+(c+\frac{bc}{c+a})\)
\(=\frac{a(a+b+c)}{a+b}+\frac{b(a+b+c)}{b+c}+\frac{c(a+b+c)}{c+a}\)
\(=(a+b+c)\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\geq (a+b+c).\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{a^2+ab+b^2+bc+c^2+ac}=\frac{(a+b+c)^3}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac}\) (theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)
Có:
$(a+b+c)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac)=a^2+b^2+c^2+2$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+2}=\sqrt{t+2}$ với $t=a^2+b^2+c^2$
Do đó:
$\text{VT}\geq \frac{\sqrt{(t+2)^3}}{t+1}$ \(=\sqrt{\frac{(t+2)^3}{(t+1)^2}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\((t+2)^3=\left(\frac{t+1}{2}+\frac{t+1}{2}+1\right)^3\geq 27.\frac{(t+1)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}=\sqrt{\frac{(t+2)^3}{(t+1)^2}}\geq \sqrt{\frac{27}{4}}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$
\(P+3=\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1\) \(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\)
Áp dụng Cauchy-Schwarz dạng phân thức:
\(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P+3\ge\frac{9}{2}\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(''=''\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy:
\(ab+\frac{a}{b}\ge2a\)
\(ab+\frac{b}{a}\ge2b\)
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\)
Cộng theo vế: \(2\left(ab+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+1\right)\Leftrightarrow ab+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge a+b+1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)