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Câu hỏi của Nguyễn Thiều Công Thành - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Bài làm:
Ta có:
(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2=(a+b-2c)2+(b+c-2a)2+(c+a-2b)2
<=> a2-2ab+b2+b2-2bc+c2+c2-2ca+a2=6a2+6b2+6c2-6(ab+bc+ca)
<=> \(4a^2+4b^2+4c^2-4ab-4bc-4ca=0\)
<=> \(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
<=> \(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
<=> \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=\left(a+b-2c\right)^2+\left(b+c-2a\right)^2+\left(c+a-2b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2-4ab-4bc-4ca=\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2-4\left(b+c\right)a+4a^2-4\left(c+a\right)b+4b^2-4\left(a+b\right)c+4c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4ab-4bc-4ca=-4\left(b+c\right)a+4a^2-4\left(c+a\right)b+4b^2-4\left(a+b\right)c+4c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2+bc-\left(b+c\right)a+a^2+ca-\left(c+a\right)b+b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-ac-bc+c^2+bc-ba-ca+a^2+ca-cb-ab+b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(a+b\right)+c\right]^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2+2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2+2ca+2bc+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\left(a-b-c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(a-b\right)-c\right]^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2-2c\left(a-b\right)+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2-2ca+2bc+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-2ab+2bc-2ca\)
ta có (a+b+c)^2 = (a+b+c).(a+b+c) =a^2+ab+ac+ab+b^2+bc+ac+bc+c^2 = a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc
và (a-b-c)^2 = (a-b-c)(a-b-c) = a^2-ab-ac-(ab-b^2-bc)-(ac-cb-c^2) =a^2-ab-ac-ab+b^2+bc-ac+cb+c^2=a^2 -2ab-2ac+bc+b^2+c^2
\(A=a^3+b^3+c^3+a^2\left(b+c\right)+b^2\left(a+c\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)\)
\(A=a^2\left(a+b+c\right)+b^2\left(a+b+c\right)+c^2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(A=a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{1+1+1}=\frac{1}{3}\) ( Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel )
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
...
Ta có: \(a^2+ab+b^2\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2-ab\ge\left(a+b\right)^2-\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}=\frac{3\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{3\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
Tương tự, ta có: \(\sqrt{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\sqrt{c^2+ca+a^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(c+a\right)\)
Do đó ta có: \(Q\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)=\sqrt{3}\) ( Do a+b+c=1)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(1,a,A=x^2-6x+25\)
\(=x^2-2.x.3+9-9+25\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2+16\)
Ta có :
\(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)Với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+16\ge16\)
Hay \(A\ge16\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)