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Gọi \(A=x^2+y^2+xy-3x-3y-3\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+\left(xy-x-y+1\right)-6\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)-6\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+2\left(x-1\right)\frac{1}{2}\left(y-1\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2-6\)
\(=\left[\left(x-1\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(y-1\right)\right]^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2-6\ge-6\)Có GTNN là -6
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left[\left(x-1\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(y-1\right)\right]^2=0\\\frac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow x=y=1}\)
Vậy GTNN của A là -6 tại x = y = 1
A= x2+y2+xy-3x-3y-3
\(=\left[x-1+\frac{1}{2}\left(y-1\right)\right]^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2-6\ge-6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-1+\frac{1}{2}\left(y-1\right)=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy.............
a) Ta có: A = x2 + y2 - xy - 2x - 2y + 9
2A = 2x2 + 2y2 - 2xy - 4x - 4y + 18
2A = (x2 + y2 - 2xy) + (x2 - 4x + 4) + (x2 - 4y + 4) + 10
2A = (x - y)2 + (x - 2)2 + (y - 2)2 + 10 \(\ge\)10 \(\forall\)x
=>A \(\ge\)5 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=0\\x-2=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y\\x=2\\y=2\end{cases}}\) <=> x = y = 2
Vậy MinA = 5 <=> x = y = 2
b) Ta có: 3x2 + 3y2 + 4xy + 2x - 2y + 2 = 0
=> (2x2 + 2y2 + 4xy) + (x2 + 2x + 1) + (y2 - 2y + 1) = 0
=> 2(x + y)2 + (x + 1)2 + (y - 1)2 = 0
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\x+1=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}}\)
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=-y\\x=-1\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\left(y^2+2y\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)^2\right)+\left(2x^2-2x+2-\left(x+1\right)^2\right)\)
\(=\left(y+x+1\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\)
Min A=-3 khi x=2;y=-3
\(B=\left(x^2+x\left(y-3\right)+\frac{\left(y-3\right)^2}{4}\right)+\left(y^2-3y-\frac{\left(y-3\right)^2}{4}\right)\)
\(=\left(x+\frac{y-3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3\left(y^2-2y+1\right)-12}{4}\)
\(=\left(....\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2-3\ge3\)
Min B=-3 khi y=1;x=1
bạn tham khảo đi Tìm GTNH: P=x^2+xy+y^2-3x-3y+2010? | Yahoo Hỏi & Đáp
Bài 1:
\(x^2-8x+y^2+6y+25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x^2-8x+16\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x-4\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}x-4=0\\y+3=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=-3\end{cases}}\)
Vậy...
Bài 2:
Phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là x = -2/3 nên ta có:
\(\left(4+a\right).\frac{-2}{3}=a-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(-\frac{8}{3}-\frac{2}{3}a=a-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+\frac{2}{3}a=2-\frac{8}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{5}{3}a=-\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=-\frac{2}{5}\)
Bài 3:
\(A=a^4-2a^3+3a^2-4a+5\)
\(=a^3\left(a-1\right)-a^2\left(a-1\right)+2a\left(a-1\right)-2\left(a-1\right)+3\)
\(=\left(a-1\right)\left(a^3-a^2+2a-2\right)+3\)
\(=\left(a-1\right)\left[a^2\left(a-1\right)+2\left(a-1\right)\right]+3\)
\(=\left(a-1\right)^2\left(a^2+2\right)+3\ge3\)
\(\text{Vậy Min A=3. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi }a-1=0\Leftrightarrow a=1\)
Bài 4:
\(xy-3x+2y=13\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(y-3\right)+2\left(y-3\right)=7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(y-3\right)=7=1.7=7.1=-1.-7=-7.-1\)
| x+2 | -7 | -1 | 1 | 7 |
| y-3 | -1 | -7 | 7 | 1 |
| x | -9 | -3 | -1 | 5 |
| y | 2 | -4 | 10 | 4 |
Vậy...
Bài 5:
\(xy-x-3y=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(y-1\right)-3\left(y-1\right)=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(y-1\right)=5=1.5=5.1=-1.-5=-5.-1\)
| x-3 | -5 | -1 | 1 | 5 |
| y-1 | -1 | -5 | 5 | 1 |
| x | -2 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
| y | 0 | -4 | 6 | 2 |
Vậy....
1)a)x+y=60
<=>(x+y)^2=3600
<=>x^2+2xy+y^2=3600(1)
mà xy=35 nên 2xy=2.35=70
(1)<=>x^2+70+y^2=3600
<=>x^2+y^2=3530
<=>(x^2+y^2)^2=12460900
<=>x^4+2x^2.y^2+y^4=12460900(2)
mà xy=35 nên 2x.x.y.y=2450
(2)<=>x^4+y^4=123458450
b)x+y=1
<=>(x+y)^3=1
<=>x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3=1
<=>x^3+y^3+3xy(x+y)=1
<=>x^3+y^3+3xy=1
=>M=1
x+y=1
<=>x^2+2xy+y^2=1(1)
B=x^3+y^3+3xy(x^2+y^2)+3xy(2xy)
=x^3+y^3+3xy(x^2+2xy+y^2)
=M.1=1(từ(1)
c)
x-y=1
<=>(x-y)^3=1
<=>x^3-3x^2y+3xy^2-y^3=1
<=>x^3-y^3-3xy(x-y)=1
<=>x^3-y^3-3xy=1
=>N=1
Đặt biểu thức là A
\(x^2+xy+y^2-3x-3y+2018\)
\(=\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)-\left(3x+3y\right)+2018\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-3\left(x+y\right)+2018\)
Ta có : (x - y)² ≥ 0
<=> x² + y² ≥ 2xy
<=> x² + 2xy + y² ≥ 4xy
<=> (x + y)² ≥ 4xy
<=> xy ≤ (x + y)²/4
<=> -xy ≥ -(x + y)²/4
--> A ≥ (x + y)² - 3(x + y) - (x + y)²/4
<=> A ≥ 3(x + y)²/4 - 3(x + y)
để dễ nhìn,ta đặt t = x + y
--> A ≥ 3t²/4 - 3t = 3(t²/4 - 2.t/2 + 1) - 3 = 3(t/2 - 1)² - 3 ≥ -3
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> t/2 = 1 <=> t = 2 <=> x + y = 2 và x = y --> x = y = 1
Vậy MinA = -3 <=> x = y = 1
\(A=x^2+xy+y^2-3x-3y+3002\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-2x+1\right)+\left(xy-x-y+1\right)+2009\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)+2009\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2+2.\left(x-1\right).\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y-1\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2+2009\)
\(=\left[\left(x-1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y-1\right)\right]^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2+2009\)
Ta thấy : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[\left(x-1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y-1\right)\right]^2\ge0\forall x;y\\\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left[\left(x-1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y-1\right)\right]^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-1\right)^2+2009\ge2009\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = 1
Vậy x = y = 1 thì A đạt GTNN là 2009