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1.
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\Leftrightarrow ab+ad< ad+bc\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\) (1)
Lại có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow bc>ad\Leftrightarrow bc+cd>ad+cd\Leftrightarrow c\left(b+d\right)>d\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{c}{d}>\frac{a+c}{b+d}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
2.
Ta có: a(b + n) = ab + an (1)
b(a + n) = ab + bn (2)
Trường hợp 1: nếu a < b mà n > 0 thì an < bn (3)
Từ (1),(2),(3) suy ra a(b + n) < b(a + n) => \(\frac{a}{n}< \frac{a+n}{b+n}\)
Trường hợp 2: nếu a > b mà n > 0 thì an > bn (4)
Từ (1),(2),(4) suy ra a(b + n) > b(a + n) => \(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+n}{b+n}\)
Trường hợp 3: nếu a = b thì \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+n}{b+n}=1\)
TH1: a < b
=> 2019a < 2019b
=> ab + 2019a < ab+ 2019b
=> a(b+2019) < b(a+2019)
=> a/b < (a+2019)/(b+2019)
TH2: a = b
=> a/b = (a+2019)/(b+2019)
TH3: a > b
=> ab + 2019a > ab+ 2019b
=> a(b+2019) > b(a+2019)
=> a/b > (a+2019)/(b+2019)
đúng ko moonshine
đầu tiên: a < b
=> 2019a < 2019b
=> ab + 2019a < ab+ 2019b
=> a(b+2019) < b(a+2019)
=> a/b < (a+2019)/(b+2019)
2: a = b
=> a/b = (a+2019)/(b+2019)
3: a > b
=> ab + 2019a > ab+ 2019b
=> a(b+2019) > b(a+2019)
=> a/b > (a+2019)/(b+2019)
\(\frac{a}{b}=1\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}>1\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}-1=\frac{a-b}{b}>\frac{a-b}{b+2001}=\frac{a+2001}{b+2001}-1\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}< 1\Rightarrow a< b\Rightarrow1-\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b-a}{b}>\frac{b-a}{b+2001}=1-\frac{a+2001}{b+2001}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
tíc mình nha
1)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{ab+ac}{b\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\frac{a+c}{b+c}=\frac{b\left(a+c\right)}{b\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{ab+bc}{b\left(b+c\right)}\)
mà ab = ab; ac > bc ( vì a > b )
=> \(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+c}{b+c}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Để so sánh \(\frac{a}{b}\)và \(\frac{a+1}{b+1}\), ta đi so sánh hai số \(a\left(b+1\right)\)và \(b\left(a+1\right)\).
Xét hiệu:
\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)=ab+a-\left(ab+b\right)=a-b\)
Ta có 3 trường hợp, với điều kiện b > 0:
Trường hợp 1: Nếu \(a-b=0\Leftrightarrow a=b\)thì:
\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+1\right)=b\left(a+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(a+1\right)}=\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{a\left(b+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
Trường hợp 2: Nếu \(a-b< 0\Leftrightarrow a< b\)thì:
\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)< 0\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+1\right)< b\left(a+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(a+1\right)}< \frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{a\left(b+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
Trường hợp 3: Nếu \(a-b>0\Leftrightarrow a>b\)thì:
\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)>0\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+1\right)>b\left(a+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(a+1\right)}>\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{a\left(b+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
1.a) Ta có:
\(\frac{18}{-25}=-\frac{18.12}{25.12}=-\frac{216}{300}< -\frac{213}{300}\)
Vậy \(-\frac{213}{300}>\frac{18}{-25}\)
b) Ta có:
\(0,75>0>-\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(0,75>-\frac{3}{4}\)
2, * Khi a, b cùng dấu thì \(\frac{a}{b}>0\)
* Khi a, b khác dấu thì \(\frac{a}{b}< 0\)
Đây là kiến thức cơ bản !
+\(\frac{a}{b}=1\Leftrightarrow a=b\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+2016}{b+2016}\)
+\(\frac{a}{b}>1\Leftrightarrow a>b\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}-1=\frac{a-b}{b}>\frac{a-b}{b+2016}=\frac{a+2016}{b+2016}-1\)=> \(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+2016}{b+2016}\)
+\(\frac{a}{b}< 1\Leftrightarrow a< b\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b-a}{b}>\frac{b-a}{b+2016}=1-\frac{a+2016}{b+2016}\)=>\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+2016}{b+2016}\)
Ta có a/b-1=a-b/b ; a+2001/b+2001-1=a+2001-b-2001/b+2001=a-b/b+2001
Hai phân số trên cùng tử mà b+2001>b nên a-b/b+2001<a-b/b hay a+2001/b+2001<a/b
Nếu
a < b
=) \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
Nếu a > b
=) \(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
Nếu a = b
=) \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
Xét tích \(a\left(b+2001\right)=ab+2001a\\ b\left(a+2001\right)=ab+2001b.\)Vì \(b>0\)nên \(b+2001>0\).
Nếu \(a>b\) thì \(ab+2001a>ab+2001b\\ a\left(b+2001\right)>b\left(a+2001\right)\)
\(\frac{\Rightarrow a}{b}>\frac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
Nếu \(a< b\) thì \(\frac{\Rightarrow a}{b}< \frac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
Nếu \(a=b\) thì rõ ràng \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
#)Giải :
Ta có : \(\frac{a+2019}{b+2019}=\frac{a}{b+2019}+\frac{2019}{b+2019}< \frac{a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+2019}{b+2019}< \frac{a}{b}\)
#)Chi tiết hơn nhé :
\(\frac{a}{b+2019}< \frac{a}{b}\)
\(\frac{2019}{b+2019}< \frac{a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+2019}+\frac{2019}{b+2019}=\frac{a+2019}{b+2019}< \frac{a}{b}\)