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\(\text{Chắc bn ghi thiếu đề :}\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2=1\end{cases}}\)
\(Tính\)\(a^4+b^4+c^4\)
\(Giải:\)\(\text{Đặt}\)\(M=a^4+b^4+c^4\)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2\)
\(1=M=\left(2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2\right)\)
\(M=1-\left(2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2\right)=1-2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\)
\(0=1+2ab+2ac+2bc\)
\(2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=-1\Rightarrow ab+ac+bc=-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\left(ab+ac+bc\right)^2=a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2+2\left(a^2bc+ab^2c+abc^2\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{4}=^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2=\frac{1}{4}.0\left(vì\right)a+b+c=0\)
\(M=1-2.\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=-\frac{2009}{2}\)
\(\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2=a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2+2abc\left(a+c+b\right)=a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2\)\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2=\frac{2009^2}{4}\)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2009^2=a^4+b^4+c^4+\frac{2009^2}{4}\cdot2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=\frac{2009^2}{2}\)
Ta có \(a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2=\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\right)^2=\frac{2009^2}{4}\)
\(A=a^4+b^4+c^4=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2-2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)=\frac{2009^2}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+a=b^2\\b^2+b=c^2\\c^2+c=a^2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+\left(a+b+c\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\left(1\right)\)
Lại có:\(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+a=b^2\\b^2+b=c^2\\c^2+c=a^2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2-b^2=-a\\b^2-c^2=-b\\c^2-a^2=-c\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right).\left(a+b\right)=-a\\\left(b-c\right).\left(b+c\right)=-b\\\left(c-a\right).\left(c+a\right)=-c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)=-\frac{a}{a+b}\\\left(b-c\right)=-\frac{b}{b+c}\\\left(c-a\right)=-\frac{c}{a+c}\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1) \(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right).\left(c-a\right)=-\left(\frac{a}{a+b}\cdot\frac{b}{b+c}\cdot\frac{c}{a+c}\right)=\frac{-abc}{-c.\left(-a\right).\left(-b\right)}=1\)
#)Giải :
Ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}ax+by=c\\bx+cy=a\\cx+ay=b\end{cases}\Rightarrow ax+by+bx+cy+cx+ay=c+a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(a+b+c\right)+y\left(a+c+b\right)=a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=a^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)+b^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\)
\(=\left(-c\right)^3-3ab\left(-c\right)+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
1,https://diendantoanhoc.net/topic/157361-t%C3%ACm-c%C3%A1c-s%E1%BB%91-nguy%C3%AAn-x-y-tho%E1%BA%A3-m%C3%A3n-x3y32016/
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\forall a,b\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4-ab}\le\frac{2}{8-a^2-b^2}\)
Theo BĐT C-S: \(\frac{2}{8-a^2-b^2}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{4-a^2}+\frac{1}{4-b^2}\right)\)
Do đó: \(\frac{1}{4-ab}+\frac{1}{4-bc}+\frac{1}{4-ca}\le\frac{1}{4-a^2}+\frac{1}{4-b^2}+\frac{1}{4-c^2}\)
Ta có đánh giá sau: \(\frac{1}{4-a^2}\le\frac{a^4+5}{18}\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-1\right)^2\left(a^2-2\right)\le0\) (Đúng)
Thiết lập các BĐT tương tự rồi cộng theo vế ta có:
\(\frac{1}{4-a^2}+\frac{1}{4-b^2}+\frac{1}{4-c^2}\le\frac{a^4+5}{18}+\frac{b^4+5}{18}+\frac{c^4+5}{18}=1\)(ĐPCM)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Cách khác dùng Schur như sau :)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(16+3abc\left(a+b+c\right)\ge a^2b^2c^2+8\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Mà \(1\ge a^2b^2c^2\). Mặt khác theo BĐT Schur ta có:
\(\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\)
\(\ge\left[ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\right]\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3+3abc\left(a+b+c\right)\ge2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(ad+bc\right)^2+\left(bc+ca\right)^2+\left(ca+ab\right)^2\)
BĐT sẽ được c/m xong nếu ta chỉ ra:
\(\left(ab+bc\right)^2+\left(bc+ca\right)^2+\left(ca+ab\right)^2+12\ge8\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
Đúng theo BĐT Cô-si
Dấu đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có: \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=-c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-c^2=-2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2-a^2c^2-b^2c^2\right)=4a^2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=2\left(a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=2009\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)=2009^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)=2009^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=\frac{2009^2}{2}\)
thanhs