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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)(a+b)\ge (1+1)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\geq \frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\geq \frac{4c}{a+b}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\geq \frac{4a}{b+c}; \frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}\geq \frac{4b}{a+c}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT thu được:
\(\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\geq 4\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
a)\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
=\(\dfrac{a}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}\)
=\(1+1+1+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\)
=3+\(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
áp dụng BĐT cô si ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\)
cmtt ta có \(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\ge2\); \(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\)
=> 3+\(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\ge9\)
=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\left(đpcm\right)\)
a)Áp dụng bđt AM-GM cho 3 số không âm ta có:
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)
TT\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{abc}}\)
Nhân vế theo vế ta có:\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{abc}}=9\left(đpcm\right)\)
b)\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ba}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+cb}\)
Svac-xo:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ba}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+cb}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Lại có:\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)(tự cm)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ba}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+cb}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
\(a,\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+1\)\(\Leftrightarrow3+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\ge3+2+2+2=9\Rightarrowđpcm\)b, Đặt \(x=b+c;y=a+c;a+b=z\)
Khi đó :
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)-3\right]\) \(\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2+2+2-3\right)=1,5\Rightarrowđpcm\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+c\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+ac< ba+bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac< bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a< b\)(đúng)
a)Áp dụng
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c+b}{a+b+c}=2\left(1\right)\)
Lại có:\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+a+b}=1\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)=> đpcm
Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Rightarrow a< b\Rightarrow ac< bc\Rightarrow ac+ab< bc+ab\Rightarrow a\left(b+c\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b\left(b+c\right)}< \dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{b\left(b+c\right)}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+c}\)a) ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< 2\)
1/(a+b) + 1/(b+c) + 1/(c+a) = 4/(a+b+c)
=> [1/(a+b) + 1/(b+c) + 1/(c+a)](a+b+c) = 4
=> 3 + c/(a+b) +a/(b+c) + b/(c+a) = 4
=> [3 + c/(a+b) + a/(b+c) + b/(c+a)](a+b+c) = 4(a+b+c)
=> 3(a+b+c) + c + c2(a+b) + a + a2(b+c) + b + b2(c+a) = 4(a+b+c)
=> a2(b+c) + b2(c+a) + c2(a+b) = 0
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a: ad=bc
=>a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
b: \(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{bk+dk}{b+d}=k\)
a/b=bk/b=k
=>(a+c)/(b+d)=a/b
c: ad=bc
nên a/c=b/d
d: \(\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{bk+b}{b}=k+1\)
\(\dfrac{c+d}{d}=\dfrac{dk+d}{d}=k+1\)
=>\(\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)
A = \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
A = \(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - Si dạng Engel vào bài toán , ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\) ( * )
Ta lại có BĐT : x2 + y2 + z2 ≥ xy + yz + zx
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ ab + bc + ac
⇔ ( a + b + c)2 ≥ 3( ab + bc + ac)
⇔ \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ac}\) ≥ 3 ( **)
Từ ( *;**) ⇒ \(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
⇒ \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
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A=\(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\)
= \(\dfrac{a}{a}+\dfrac{b}{b}+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\)
= \(2+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT cô si cho 2 số ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}\)
⇔\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\)
⇔\(2+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\ge4\)
⇔ A ≥4
=> Min A =4
dấu "=" xảy ra khi
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{a}\)
⇔a2=b2
⇔a=b
vậy Min A =4 khi a=b
Lời giải:
a, \(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+cb}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=1,5\) (AM-GM với a,b,c\(>0\))
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Chú ý: bn cx có thể cm: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)để suy ra
b, \(B=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{a+c}{b}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}\)
\(\ge6\sqrt[6]{\dfrac{a}{b+c}.\dfrac{b+c}{a}.\dfrac{b}{a+c}.\dfrac{a+c}{b}.\dfrac{c}{a+b}.\dfrac{a+b}{c}}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Chú ý: bn cx có thể nhóm tổng trên thanh ba nhóm, mỗi nhóm hai hạng tử
a)Đặt \(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(A+3=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{c+a}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b}\)
\(A+3=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge\dfrac{9\left(a+b+c\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow MINA=\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)